BIOD 101 Module 5 (EXAM), BIOD Module 5 Exam With Questions and Answers 100% Solved

BIOD 101 Module 5 (EXAM), BIOD Module 5 Exam With Questions and Answers 100% Solved Which of the following signaling types is used to transmit ligands to their target cells over long distances, using the circulatory system as a transport medium? 1. Autocrine signaling 2. Endocrine signaling 3. Direct cell-to-cell signaling 4. Paracrine signaling 5. Synaptic signaling Endocrine signaling. Explain why a steroid hormone would require a carrier protein to transport it through the bloodstream. Steroid hormones are hydrophobic. They would require a carrier protein to carry it through the blood because it is considered hydrophilic. Each of the following is true regarding cellular receptors except: 1. Receptors in each family are classified by their location in the body. 2. Most receptors are located on the outside of a cell, anchored in the plasma membrane. 3. Cell surface receptors contain an extracellular region, intracellular region, and a hydrophobic region in the plasma membrane. 4. Intracellular receptors are located in the cell's cytoplasm. Receptors in each family are classified by their location in the body. List TWO specific examples of cellular ligands. Hormones, peptides, sugars, and other hydrophobic molecules. So calcium and female sex hormones would classify as ligands. Fill in the Blank: Transduction is the chain of ___________ and intracellular ___________ that relay signals inside of a cell. 1. Molecules 2. Enzymes Which of the following statements is true of GPCRs? 1. They thread through the plasma membrane forming loops. 2. They are transmembrane hormone receptors. 3. A modified loop receives ligands on their intracellular side. 4. All of the above. They thread through the plasma membrane forming loops. Fill in the Blank: For most biological processes, a typical response would be the release of ___________ of molecules every ___________ that binds. 1. Millions 2. Ligand What role do the ligands involved in endocrine signaling serve in the body. Hormones are the ligands involved in endocrine signaling. They regulate homeostatic mechanisms e.g., blood pressure and energy metabolism. Which of the following best describes calcium's role as a second messenger? 1. It activates protein kinase A. 2. It activates protein kinase C. 3. It binds to proteins to change their shape and function. 4. All of the above. It binds to proteins to change their shape and function. True or False. If false, explain why it is false. A ligand can bind to any cell in the body as long as the receptor is free to bind. False. Ligands have specific receptors they must bind to. If there was no specificity, the ligands would be binding to every single target cell it touches; therefore, resulting in changes throughout the whole body. Which of the following is/are true of RTKs? (Select all that apply). - They are a family of enzyme-linked receptor molecules. - They have an extracellular region only. - They transfer a phosphate group to the amino acid tyrosine on a target protein. -None of the above are true. -They are a family of enzyme-linked receptors m