Pathophysiology - Final Exam Questions and Answers(rated A)

Pathophysiology - Final Exam Questions and Answers(rated A) Rene missed class this morning because she was ill. She has a fever, lethargy, generalized body aches, and headache. Which of the following is NOT a systemic manifestation? - ANSWERHeadache All of the following that Rene is experiencing are considered symptoms except: - ANSWER- Fever o Ruby is a 33-year-old female. She was diagnosed with multiple sclerosis last year. Her health care provider told her that her disease progression would occur over a number of years and would most likely include periods of exacerbation and remission. This is an example of what time of disease? - ANSWER- Chronic o The series of events that proceed from the cause of the disease to the development of clinical signs and symptoms are called __________ of the disease. - ANSWER- The pathogenesis o Jamie needed to have a catheter placed to decrease urinary retention while she was hospitalized. She proceeded to develop a urinary tract infection. The placement of the catheter contributed to this___________ illness. - ANSWER- Iatrogenic o A nurse is assessing a clinical population composed of Native Americans to determine the risk of developing diabetes in clients with high cholesterol. Which of the flowing types of data would tell the nurse the information that he or she needs to know? - ANSWER- Relative risk o Your grandfather was diagnosed with pancreatic cancer and has been told he has 8 months to live. This prediction is referred to as: - ANSWER- Prognosis o The nurse shows understanding of the difference between modifiable and non-modifiable risk factors when she develops a specific intervention focused on which of the following? - ANSWER- A smoking cessation program geared toward young adults o The nurse is providing free health screenings in his community. He demonstrates knowledge about the most important modifiable health risk behaviors when he addresses which factor with his clients - ANSWER- Reducing periods of physical inactivity o The nurse is discussing evidence based treatment options for a client with diabetes. Which of the following questions reflects that the nurse understands how to apply evidence based questions. - ANSWER- Of the treatment goals we've discussed, which one do you value the most? o What type of cell to cell communication is involved when a neurotransmitter such as ACh binds to a receptor on a muscle fiber to open up a sodium channel at the neuromuscular junction. - ANSWER- Ligand-gated channels o When crossing the phospholipid bilayer (plasma membrane) of a cell, some substances are too large (like glucose) and cannot pass this semi-permeable membrane. What type of transport is needed to move glucose across the plasma membrane? - ANSWER- Facilitated diffusion o Due to a persistent stressor, columnar cells may turn into squamous cells a method of adaptation. This process is known as: - ANSWER- Metaplasia o When cells change size, shape and structure due to a chronic and persistent stressor, mutations can occur during cell reproduction changing genetic material. Although these cells are not cancerous, they may appear an early stage in the progression of cancer. This cellular adaptation process is called: - ANSWER- Dysplasia o Due to persistent stressors, cellular alterations can lead to chronic irreversible tissue changes. This process is known as: - ANSWER- Dysplasia o Caryn is a smoker with a 12-year history of smoking. She states that she feels fine and wonders why you suggest smoking cessation. You tell Caryn that cells respond to their environment. If the cell is exposed to a chronic irritation such as smoke or pollution, the cells in the airways will adapt. This change related to adaptation in the cells is called _____________, which can lead to cancer. - ANSWER- Metaplasia o A