NDAEB STUDY NOTES Exam
Questions and Answers 100% Correct
Abandonment - ANSWER_Withdrawing a patient from treatment without giving
reasonable notice or providing a competent replacement.
Implied consent - ANSWER_Type of consent in which the patient's action indicates
consent for treatment.
Informed consent - ANSWER_Permission granted by a patient after he or she is
informed about the details of a procedure.
Licensure - ANSWER_License to practice in a specific state.
Malpractice - ANSWER_Professional negligence.
Reciprocity (re-si-PROS-i-tee) - ANSWER_System that allows individuals in one
state to obtain a license in another state without retesting.
Res gestae - ANSWER_Latin for "things done." Statements made by a person
present at the time of an alleged negligent act that are admissible as evidence in a
court of law.
Res ipsa loquitur - ANSWER_Latin phrase for "the thing speaks for itself."
Respondeat superior - ANSWER_Latin for "Let the master answer." Legal doctrine
that holds an employer liable for acts of the employee.
Tort law - ANSWER_Involving an act that brings harm to a person or damage to
property.
HIPAA - ANSWER_The Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996
specifies federal regulations that ensure privacy regarding a patient's healthcare
information.
Autonomy (aw-TON-uh-mee) - ANSWER_Self-determination.
Code of ethics - ANSWER_Voluntary standards of behavior established by a
profession.
Confidentiality - ANSWER_Never revealing any personal information about the
patient.
Ethics - ANSWER_Moral standards of conduct; rules or principles that govern proper
conduct.
Veracity - ANSWER_Truthfulness; not lying to the patient.
,Nonmaleficence - ANSWER_Of no harm to the patient.
Anatomy (uh-NAT-uh-mee) - ANSWER_Study of the shape and structure of the
human body.
Appendicular (ap-en-DIK-yoo-ler) - ANSWER_Pertaining to the body region that
consists of the arms and legs.
Axial (AK-see-ul) - ANSWER_Referring to the body region that comprises the head,
neck, and trunk.
Cytoplasm (SI-toe-plaz-em) - ANSWER_Gel-like fluid inside the cell.
Dorsal cavity - ANSWER_Cavity located in the back of the body.
Epithelial (ep-i-THEE-lee-ul) tissue - ANSWER_Type of tissue that forms the
covering of all body surfaces.
Frontal plane - ANSWER_Vertical plane that divides the body into anterior (front)
and posterior (back) portions.
Horizontal plane - ANSWER_Plane that divides the body into superior (upper) and
inferior (lower) portions.
Midsagittal plane - ANSWER_Imaginary line that divides the patient's [face] into
equal right and left sides.
Parietal (puh-RYE-e-tul) - ANSWER_Pertaining to the walls of a body cavity.
Sagittal (SADJ-ih-tal) plane - ANSWER_Any vertical plane parallel to the midline that
divides the body into unequal left and right portions.
Ventral cavity - ANSWER_Cavity located at the front of the body.
Four main tissue types have been identified in the human body: - ANSWER_(1)
epithelial, (2) connective, (3) muscle, and (4) nerve tissue
Epithelial tissue - ANSWER_Epithelial tissue forms a covering for the external and
internal body surfaces (e.g., the skin on the outside of the body, the lining of the oral
cavity and intestines). The purposes of epithelial cells are to (1) provide protection,
(2) produce secretions, and (3) regulate the passage of materials across them.
Some epithelial cells are specialized, meaning that they have special functions
associated with skin color, hair, nails, mucous production, and sweat regulation.
Connective tissue - ANSWER_is the major support material of the body. It provides
support for the body and connects its organs and tissues. Fat, tendons, ligaments,
bone, cartilage, blood, and lymph are all types of connective tissue. Specific types of
connective tissue can store fat, destroy bacteria, produce blood cells, and develop
antibodies against infection and disease.
, Muscle tissue - ANSWER_Muscle tissue has the ability to lengthen and shorten and
thus move body parts. Skeletal muscles are either voluntary or involuntary. For
example, when you decide when to move your arms or legs, the muscle movement
is voluntary. However, the beating of your heart, the churning of your stomach, and
changes in the pupils of your eyes are controlled by involuntary muscle movements.
Nerve tissue - ANSWER_Nerve tissue is found in the brain, spinal cord, and nerves.
It is responsible for coordinating and controlling many body activities. It stimulates
muscle contraction and plays a major role in emotions, memory, and reasoning.
Nerve tissue also has the unique ability to react to environmental changes, such as
heat, cold, light, or pressure. Nerve tissue carries messages from all areas of the
body to the brain and from the brain to all areas of the body. To perform these
functions, cells in nerve tissue must communicate with each other by way of
electrical nerve impulses.
The human body has 10 systems: - ANSWER_(1) skeletal, (2) muscular, (3)
cardiovascular (including lymphatic and immune systems), (4) nervous, (5)
respiratory, (6) digestive, (7) endocrine, (8) urinary, (9) integumentary (skin), and
(10) reproductive.
The axial skeleton - ANSWER_The axial skeleton (80 bones) consists of the skull,
spinal column, ribs, and sternum. Its function is to protect the major organs of the
nervous, respiratory, and circulatory systems.
The appendicular skeleton - ANSWER_The appendicular skeleton (126 bones)
consists of the upper extremities and shoulder area plus the lower extremities and
pelvic area. It protects the organs of digestion and reproduction.
Skeletal System
206 bones - ANSWER_Protection, support, and shape; hematopoietic; storage of
certain minerals
Muscular System - ANSWER_*Striated, smooth, and cardiac muscle
*Holding body erect, locomotion, movement of body fluids, production of body heat,
communication
Cardiovascular System - ANSWER_*Heart, arteries, veins, blood
*Respiratory, nutritive, excretory
Lymphatic and immune systems - ANSWER_*White blood cells; lymph fluid, vessels,
and nodes; spleen and tonsils
*Defense against disease, conservation of plasma proteins and fluid, lipid absorption
Nervous system - ANSWER_*Central and peripheral nervous systems, special
sense organs
*Reception of stimuli, transmission of messages, coordinating mechanism
