HLST 200: Nutrition

HLST 200: Nutrition simple carbohydrates lactose in milk, fructose in fruit, and added sugars in candy. essential nutrients nutrients necessary for normal body functioning that must be obtained from food Six essential nutrients carbohydrates, fats, proteins, vitamins, minerals, water Macronutrients nutrients, including carbohydrates, proteins, and fats, that organisms must ingest in large amounts to maintain health Calories Units of heat that measure the energy used by the body and the energy that foods supply to the body micronutrients vitamins and minerals that are essential to the body in small amounts Water makes up 60-70% of total body weight water makes up ____ of blood 85% Function of water in the body (1) transports nutrients, wastes, hormones, and cells (2) facilitate cellular metabolism (3) as a solvent for electrolytes (4) to regulate body temperature (5) aid in digestion and elimination (6) as a tissue lubricant basal metabolic rate the body's resting rate of energy expenditure Protein Critical for growth and repair; form the basic framework for our muscles, bones, blood, hair, and nails. 4 calories per gram. Made up of 20 amino acids Amino acids building blocks of proteins complete proteins Proteins containing all the essential amino acids; found only in soy and animal foods (meats and dairy products) incomplete proteins Proteins that are missing one or more of the essential amino acids; found in plant sources such as nuts and legumes complementary proteins low quality proteins combined to provide adequate levels of essential amino acids Carbohydrates organic compounds that provide our brain and body with glucose.