Praxis Reading for Virginia Educators- Elementary and Special Education (5306) Study Guide

Affix A morpheme or meaningful part of a word attached before or after a root or base word to modify its meaning; a category that includes prefixes and suffixes. Alphabetic Principle The use of letters and letter combinations to represent phonemes in an orthography. Automaticity Fluent performance without the conscious deployment of attention Base word A free morpheme, usually of Anglo-Saxon origin, to which affixes can be added. Blend A consonant sequence before or after a vowel within a syllable, such as cl, br, or st; also called "consonant blend." Book talk A discussion of one or more books by a teacher, librarian, or student to introduce books and to induce others to read them. Bound morpheme A morpheme, usually of Latin origin in English, that cannot stand alone but is used to form a family of words with related meanings. A bound root (such as -fer) has meaning only in combination with a prefix and/or a suffix. Cloze procedure Any of several ways of measuring a person's ability to restore omitted portions of an oral or written message by reading its remaining context. Comprehension Monitoring The mental act of knowing when one does and does not understand what one is reading. Consonant A phoneme that is not a vowel and is formed with obstruction of the flow of air with the teeth, lips, or tongue; also called a closed sound in some instructional programs; English has 40 or more consonants; also may refer to an alphabet letter used in representing any of these sounds. Consonant digraph Written letter combination that corresponds to one speech sound but is not represented by either letter alone, such as th or ph. Context The sounds, words, or phrases adjacent to a spoken or written language unit.