AGACNP Exam Questions and Answers 2024

AGACNP Exam Questions and Answers 2024 Lower uti are called -Answer-Cystits or urethritis What are two causes of upper -Answer-Pylonephritis or renal abscess What are several symptoms of a uti -Answer-Dysuria, frequency, nocturia, hematuria, If a male pt has symptoms of BPh what is first test ordered? -Answer-Urinalysis What urinalysis finding is consistent with bacterial cystitis -Answer-10 wbc , nitrates (specific) , esterase detection (sensitive), colony of bacteria 10^10 Abx treatment of uncomplicated cystitis -Answer-Nitrophentoin (best preg) Tmpx-STC , fosfomycin or florqunilones Symptoms of pyelonephrtits -Answer-Flank/back pain , fever ms change , n/v Laboratory urinalysis findings of pylo -Answer-Whit blood cells , hyaline casts , elevated esr Abx for complicated /upper uti -Answer-Ciproflaxcin( if not complicated) , complicated levofloxacin or ceftriaxone What is abx for healthcare associates Upper UTI -Answer-Use antipsudomonal , cefepime , ampicillin, mero, tazo, aminoglycosyde What is renal insufficientcy -Answer-Decrease of gfr caused by aging HTN DM What is an AKI? -Answer-Sudden increase in creatine * 2 or reduction of GFR by 50% , or U/O reduction .5ml/kg for 12 hrs What is the RIFLE criteria? -Answer-Allows grading of kidney dysfunction based on creatinine, GFR and urine output What is kidney failure as defined by rifle criteria -Answer-CreTine *3 or GFR 75% , UO .3 ml/kg for 24 hrs What is kidney injury as defined by rifle criteria -Answer-Scr *3 or GFR50% /up less than .5ml/kg /hr for 12 hrs What is kidney function esrd according to RIFLe -Answer-Complete loss of function for 3hrs What is the serum bun creatinine ratio of pre renal failure as well as urine sodium and Fena and specific gravity -Answer-10:1 , 20, fena 1 , 1.015 (high) What is the serum bun creatinine ratio of intra renal failure as well as urine sodium and Fena and specific gravity -Answer-Normal 10:1 , 40 mil NA, specific gravity 1.015 , 3 Fena, byline casts What is the serum bun creatinine ratio of post renal failure as well as urine sodium and Fena and specific gravity -Answer-Similar to intra renal What is the criteria for dyalsis -Answer-Acidosis , Electrolytes (k), toxins , volume (pulm edema) , uremia (pericardial effusion) What is anuria? -Answer-Less than 100 cc of urine in 24 hours What is oliguria? -Answer-Less than 400 cc of urine in 24 hours What is treatment for pre renal vs intra renal vs post -Answer-Expand intravascular volume, reduce obstruction of hepatic congestion, stop nephrotoxic drugs, treat infection , Remove obstruction What is the most common age for renal calculi -Answer-30 ur male If pt has a stone what should be done prior to therapy ? -Answer-Strain urine to differentiate types of stones What are types of renal calculi? -Answer-Struvite stones , uric acid calcium stones , cystine stones Calcium stones are ?? Renal calculi -Answer-Most common , men Uric acid stones are ?? -Answer-Common on older men with gout Struvite stones -Answer-Form in response to an infection, women most common (magma/pho's) Cystine stones -Answer-a rare cause of kidney stones that occur seen in children. They are related to cystinuria. Treatment is hydration and alkalinization of the urine. They may *also form staghorn calculi.* Symptoms of renal calculi -Answer-Pain in flank area, nausea, vomiting, decrease in urine osmolarity , May radiate to testes or cause frequency or urgency if logged in ureter What is management of renal calculi -Answer-Analgesia and hydration What is the preferred analgesic for renal calculi -Answer-Morph /hydro /?torodol (ketorlac) replan (metoclamide) Lithotripsrbisbused for ? -Answer-Large renal calculi What is benign prostatic hyperplasia? -Answer-Enlargement of the prostate that occurs in the periurethral and transitional zones of the gland. For men older than 50 Dignostic tests for bph -Answer-Urinalysis (rule out uti) , PSA 4 What test should be ordered for a palpable prostate nodule or elevated psa -Answer- Trans recital ultrasound What drugs and their class can be used for bph ? -Answer-Alpha blockers , Terazosin,dutasteride What is TURP? -Answer-transurethral resection of the prostate What herbal can be used on BpH -Answer-Saw palmetto What meds worsen Bph -Answer-Benadryl, Sudafed, Ssris, Afrin, diuretics , pain meds What percentage does gfr reduce per decade after 30 ? -Answer-10% What is normal male creatine clearance -Answer-1.6-2.33 What is normal female creatine clearene -Answer-1.45-2.18 What is maximum gfr and how can u calc creatine clearance -Answer-140 -age*body weight p What is the most common illness for 65 yr pts -Answer-Uti