Final Exam (BoP) Correct Questions & Answers!!

Seed Evolution Steps - ANSWER Homospory Heterospory Megasporangium Surrounded by Sterile Telomes Free Tips Phylum Cycadophyta - ANSWER Earliest Gymnosperms Mesozoic Era (65-230 MYA) 11-12 Genera Mostly tropical and subtropical Resemble palms - unlike palms they have a vascular cambium (stem can increase in width) Often highly toxic to dogs, cats, and livestock Reproductive structures associated with modified leaves - microsporophylls and megasporophylls Loosely or tightly clustered into cones - pollen and ovulate cones Motile sperm Plants either male or female (Dioecious) Insect Pollinated Slow growing columnar trunk Symbiosis in Cycads - ANSWER Cycads are unique among gymnosperms because they have remarkable nitrogen fixing bacteria living inside coralloid root outgrowths at the base of the plant (bacteria inside the outer cortex region) Ageotrophic roots - grow in thick, branch