Methoden van Wetenschappelijk onderzoek (BKULPOM24A)
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Hoofdstuk 1: de logica van het wetenschappelijk onderzoek:
Wetenschap
Gezond verstand
Interne consistentie (= coherentie)
Correspondentie met de werkelijkheid (= empirische evidentie)
Selectiviteit:
- neiging om confirmerende evidentie te zoeken
-heuristieken
-beschikbaarheidsheuristiek
-rol van vividness
-representativiteitsheuristiek
Intuïtieve fysica / intuïtieve psychologie
4 stereotypen in de wetenschap
Statische visie op de wetenschap / dynamische visie op de wetenschap
Einsteinsyndroom:
-cruciale experiment
-‘grote-sprong-voorwaarts’ model
Connectiviteitsprincipe
Principe van convergerende evidentie
Kennisgerichte visie / pragmatische visie
Theorie: DEFINITIE:
-concept
-construct
-variabele
-causale relatie
Empirische cirkel:
-observatie fase: serendipisme
-inductieve fase
-deductieve fase: afgeleide stellingen hypothese predicties
-evaluatieve fase
Operationaliseren
Onafhankelijke variabele / afhankelijke variabele
Soorten verbanden:
-hypothese in nulvorm
-verband stijgend verband stijgend lineair verband
2 definities van constructen:
-operationele def.
-constitutieve def.
Latente variabele (= constructvariabele) / manifeste variabele (observatie variabele)
Extensiviteit
Spaarzaamheid: occam’s razor
Karl Popper: new look psychologie
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