Illinois Pesticide Applicator General Standards, Exam Preview/[LATEST EXAM UPDATES]

Illinois Pesticide Applicator General Standards, Exam Preview/ IPM - Integrated Pest Management; Goals are provide economical pest control/protect the environment Not The Goal Of IPM - Elimination of all pests Economic threshold/action threshold - Number of pests per plant of amount of damage to plant at which control measures should begin economic injury level - breakeven point which the cost of pest control equals the revenue loss caused by pest aesthetic injury level - number of pests that might cause enough damage to the appearance of a plant to warrant the cost of control scouting - key to a successful IPM program cultural control - improves plant health so that plants are able to compete better against pests; soil preparation, fertility, proper planting, plant selection, crop rotation mechanical control - physically eliminates the weed; hoeing, weed pulling, mowing, hand picking biological control - uses living organisms to reduce pest populations; predators, parasites, pest disease preventative control - helps prevent entry and spread of pests; quarantines inspections, certified seed, cleaning equipment chemical control - herbicides, insecticides, fungicides, repellents, fumigants insect head - contains sensory organs, mouth parts and brain insect thorax - provides locomotion, legs and wings insect abdomen - digestive, excretory, circulatory, respiratory, and reproductive organs prolegs - additional legs; caterpillars/sawfly larvae incomplete development/simple metamorphosis - egg, nymph, adult; stink bug, grasshopper, leafhopper complete development - egg, larva, pupa, adult; Japanese beetle, honey bee, mosquito noninfectious diseases - result of unfavorable growing conditions; cannot be transmitted from plant to plant infection diseases - caused by various pathogens; multiply and transmitted from plant to plant fungi - spores spread by rain, wind, insects, seeds; leaf spots/root rots bacteria - microscopic single celled organisms. Cannot move by themselves; only enter through wounds or small openings; crown gall, soft ro