EMER 198 Exam Questions With Verified Solutions

EMER 198 Exam Questions With Verified Solutions Why would a seizure pt would go into cardiac arrestÉ - answerpt can experience a lethal dysrhythmia, BP dropped, blood flow to the brain decreased and pt seized tonic-clonic seizure (grand mal) - answercharacterized by aura, sudden loss of consciousness, tonic phase-body wide rigidity, hypertonic phase-arched back and rigidity, clonic phase- contraction of major muscle groups, postictal phase Absence seizures (petit mal) - answerOccurs during childhood, stares off with little to no tonic-clonic movement Partial Seizures: Simple - answerinvolve movement of one part of the body (frontal lobe) or altered sensations in one part of the body (parietal lobe)For example Jacksonian march which would be a ripple effect of hand shaking then arm etc Partial Seizures: Complex - answerInvolve subtle changes in LOC, pt may become less alert or confused, have hallucinations, or unable to speak. Small movements of head or eyes. pseudoseizures - answerseizure-like activity such as twitching or loss of consciousness without electrical disruptions in the brain. usually triggered by stress or an emotional event. Seizure treatment - answer-do not restrain, -stay calm and time the duration of seizure. protect the patient from contact with hard, sharp or hot objects, loosen ties or anything around the neck, -temporary non breathing is normal, after seizure turn on back and make sure breathing isn't obstructed, if patient doesn't begin breathing after seizure, begin rescue breathing -take BGL status epilepticus - answera seizure that lasts for longer than 4-5min or consecutive seizures that occur w/o consciousness returning in between episodes muscle tension headaches - answercaused by constantly contracted muscles in the head or neck migraine headaches - answerchanges in blood vessel size within the base of the brain. Throbbing, pounding pain with aura, and pt prefers dark and quiet environments, n/v cluster headaches - answervascular and start in the face, last 30-45min but may occur repeatedly, pain is sharp and excruciating and may feel like your eyeballs are being pushed out, spreads to one side of face sinus headache - answerinflammation or infection within sinus cavities of the face, pain increases with bending head forward, worse when waking up. cerebrovascular accidents CVA's - answerserious medical condition in which blood supply to areas of the brain becomes interrupted, resulting in ischemia. ischemic strokes - answermost common, a blood vessel is blocked in the brain so the tissue distal to the blockage becomes ischemic and will eventually die if blood flow is not restored. hemorrhagic stroke - answerBleeding tends to worsen over time, may increase ICP and lead to herniation of the brainstem and is characterized by pt having the worst headache they have ever felt. Transient Ischemic Attack (TIA) - answerepisode of cerebral ischemia that does not inflict any permanent damage, pt will present as a CVA but the symptoms will resolve on its own. Pt should still be transported, most pts will experience a CVA soon after. common causes of syncope - answerCardiac Arrhythmias Hysteria Emotional stress Vaso-vagal response prodrome - answera symptom indicating an approaching disease, Syncope prodrome - answerdizziness, weakness, SOB, chest pain, headache, visual disturbances. seizure prodrome - answer-"Aura" -Precedes some seizures -Mental, sensory or motor phenomena abscess - answerresults when an infectious agent invades the brain or spinal cord. The bacteria or fungi then attack the brain cells and destroy tissue, to prevent the bacteria or fungi from spreading the body creates a barrier around the area, over time while it tries to fight the infection swelling can occur.