ENWC 201 Final Exam Questions 2024 Marking Scheme

ENWC 201 Final Exam Questions 2024 Marking Scheme what are wildlife diseases connected to? - Answer -1. conservation of threatened and endangered species 2. recreational use of wildlife 3. public health/loss of life 4. agriculture (livestock) disease - Answer --a disturbance to the normal function of structure of an organism epizootic - Answer --a disease that appears at an unexpected rate, synonymous with epidemic in humans -ex: white-nose syndrome in bats; causes them to wake up in middle of winter and use their energy infections - Answer --viruses, bacteria, fungi, parasites (internal and external), etc. pathogens - Answer --a disease causing agent -ex: chronic wasting disease (CWD); cause a build of of incorrectly folded proteins in deer non infectious toxins (mercury poisoning) - Answer --mercury is a product of coal and other fossil fuel generators -heavy metal toxin -- methyl mercury -it bioaccumulates and biomagnifies -as we move from west to east, there is a greater ppm mercury in loon blood bioaccumulation vs biomagnification (with mercury) - Answer --bioaccumulation: more and more mercury is being put into our ecosystems as we burn fossil fuels -biomagnification: the increased concentration of mercury we see as we move up in trophic levels reservoir - Answer --any living or nonliving substance that may perpetuate a pathogen in nature reservoir host - Answer --a host that acts as a reservoir for the pathogen, but does not suffer ill effects from the disease host - Answer --an organism on or in which another organism lives vector - Answer --an organism that carries pathogens from one host to another or from a reservoir to a host biological vector vs mechanical vector - Answer --biological vector: has the pathogen inside its own body and regurgitates it to another host (mosquito) -mechanical vector: carries the pathogen around on the outside (fly) avian botulism type E - Answer --quaqqa and zebra mussels increase the clarity of the water -algae beds grow because of the increased sunlight but are a host of avian botulism type E -invasive round goby fish pick up the avian botulism type E and loons eat these fish -over 1,000 loons killed on one lake serengeti lions and disease - Answer --lack of healthcare for pet dogs here -jackals get the canine distemper/rabies from the dogs and pass it to lions -serious threat to lion population bison in yellowstone - Answer --known to carry brucellosis which can transfer to cows -cows with this abort their fetuses so farmers can't sell as much meat why are we seeing the emergence of so many diseases? (sea otter example) - Answer --more people -- less habitat available -- more stress of animals -- more human/wildlife interactions -last 2 lead to an increase in diseases -ex: high stress in sea otters when oil spills occur; oil removes air pockets that otters rely on for insulation; humans have to catch them to clean them; after this, they become more susceptible to the impact of a latent herpes strain zoonosis - Answer --an animal disease that can be transmitted to humans, but we are not necessary in the cycle lyme disease - Answer --cause: bacteria -transmission: deer tick and lone-star tick -symptoms: rash, fever, swollen lymph nodes -if left untreated, further complications may arise such as meningitis, facial palsy, heart abnormalities, and arthritis west nile virus - Answer --cause: virus -transmission: Culex mosquito -most people do not develop any type of illness -about 1 in 5 develop west nile fever -about 1 in 150 develop a severe infection -no specific treatment is available