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HESI PHARMACOLOGY ACTUAL EXAMQUESTIONS AND ANSWERS/PHARMACOLOGY HESI EXIT EXAM (best answers)
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HESI PHARMACOLOGY ACTUALEXAMQUESTIONS AND
ANSWERS/PHARMACOLOGY HESI EXIT
EXAM
1. A patient is prescribed metoprolol (Lopressor) for hypertension. Which
adverse effect should the nurse monitor for?
a. Tachycardia
b. Hypoglycemia
c. Bradycardia
d. Increased urine output
Answer: c. Bradycardia
Rationale: Metoprolol is a beta-blocker that reduces heart rate and myocardial
oxygen demand. An adverse effect is bradycardia. It does not cause tachycardia,
hypoglycemia (though it can mask symptoms), or increased urine output.
2. A nurse is administering warfarin (Coumadin). Which laboratory test should
the nurse monitor to determine the drug’s effectiveness?
a. Hemoglobin
b. Platelet count
c. Prothrombin time (PT)/INR
d. Activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT)
Answer: c. Prothrombin time (PT)/INR
Rationale: Warfarin’s therapeutic effectiveness is monitored using the PT/INR. The
INR ensures consistent anticoagulation levels. Hemoglobin and platelet count are
unrelated to monitoring warfarin, and aPTT is used for heparin therapy.
,3. A patient receiving furosemide (Lasix) complains of muscle cramps. What lab
value should the nurse check?
a. Calcium
b. Potassium
c. Sodium
d. Magnesium
Answer: b. Potassium
Rationale: Furosemide is a loop diuretic that can cause hypokalemia, leading to
symptoms like muscle cramps. Monitoring potassium levels is critical to prevent
complications.
4. A patient with type 2 diabetes mellitus is prescribed metformin (Glucophage).
What is the most critical side effect to monitor for?
a. Hypoglycemia
b. Lactic acidosis
c. Weight gain
d. Hypokalemia
Answer: b. Lactic acidosis
Rationale: Metformin can rarely cause lactic acidosis, especially in patients with
kidney dysfunction. Hypoglycemia is less likely with metformin because it does not
stimulate insulin release.
5. A patient is prescribed digoxin (Lanoxin). What is the priority nursing action
before administering this medication?
a. Monitor the patient’s blood pressure
b. Check the patient’s apical pulse
c. Assess the patient’s respiratory rate
d. Review the patient’s electrolyte levels
Answer: b. Check the patient’s apical pulse
Rationale: Digoxin can cause bradycardia. The apical pulse must be checked
,before administration, and the dose should be held if the heart rate is below 60
bpm.
6. A patient reports taking over-the-counter omeprazole (Prilosec) for several
months. Which adverse effect should the nurse assess for?
a. Anemia
b. Hyperkalemia
c. Osteoporosis
d. Hypertension
Answer: c. Osteoporosis
Rationale: Long-term use of proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) like omeprazole can
interfere with calcium absorption, leading to an increased risk of osteoporosis and
fractures.
7. A patient on intravenous gentamicin is at risk for which serious adverse
effect?
a. Hepatotoxicity
b. Ototoxicity
c. Hypertension
d. Hyperglycemia
Answer: b. Ototoxicity
Rationale: Aminoglycosides like gentamicin can cause ototoxicity and
nephrotoxicity. Regular monitoring of hearing and renal function is necessary.
8. A patient taking levothyroxine (Synthroid) for hypothyroidism reports
palpitations and insomnia. What should the nurse suspect?
a. The dose is too high
b. The dose is too low
c. The medication is ineffective
d. The patient has developed a tolerance
, Answer: a. The dose is too high
Rationale: Symptoms of hyperthyroidism, such as palpitations and insomnia,
suggest overtreatment with levothyroxine. The dose may need adjustment.
9. A nurse is teaching a patient about nitroglycerin for angina. What should the
patient do if chest pain persists after the first dose?
a. Wait 15 minutes before taking a second dose
b. Take a second dose and call 911
c. Lie down and drink water
d. Stop taking the medication and call their doctor
Answer: b. Take a second dose and call 911
Rationale: If chest pain persists after the first dose of nitroglycerin, the patient
should take a second dose and call 911, as this may indicate a myocardial
infarction.
10. A patient with rheumatoid arthritis is prescribed methotrexate. What is the
most important lab test for the nurse to monitor?
a. Liver function tests (LFTs)
b. Platelet count
c. Blood glucose levels
d. Thyroid function tests
Answer: a. Liver function tests (LFTs)
Rationale: Methotrexate can cause hepatotoxicity. LFTs should be monitored
regularly to assess liver health during treatment.
11. A nurse is caring for a patient who is prescribed furosemide (Lasix). What is
the most important aspect of monitoring this patient?
A. Serum potassium levels
B. Serum sodium levels
C. Blood glucose levels
D. Serum calcium levels
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