Final Exam NR 325 Exam Questions with Latest Update

Levels of consciousness - Answer-Conscious, locked in syndrome, persistent vegetative state (no cognition, have sleep/wake cycles), akinetic mute syndrome (no purposeful movements, eyes open and close refexively), Coma Intracranial pressure must be less than ______ to still have adequate perfusion to brain - Answer-40 mmHg Systolic must be between _____ and ________ to have adequate perfusion to the brain - Answer-50 and 150 If the body has increased ICP _______ will be triggered - Answer-Cushing's Reflex What are the cardinal signs of Cushing's Reflex? - Answer-High BP, low HR, decreased LOC, and possibly decreased RR What is the first concern when a patient becomes unconscious? - Answer-A patent airway When a patient goes unconscious with increased ICP we want to ______ metabolic demand - Answer-decrease metabolic demand on brain. May use hypothermic environment. Reduce fever because of a fever's ability to increase metabolic demand How would mannitol be used with patients with increased ICP? - Answer-Mannitol is a sugar that will increase the osmotic gradient thereby pulling fluid into the vessels and will be discarded through urination Contusion - Answer-bruising of the brain with tissue injury. Often happens with an acceleration/ decelleration event Concussion - Answer-Temporary loss of neurological function. No structural damage or bruising to the brain. Typically no residual effects as long as enough healing time is allowed and the concussions are not reoccurent Epidural hemorrhage - Answer-Usually a direct blow. Requires some type of intervention which due to its accessibility is more easily treated Subdural hemorrhage - Answer-Usually a result of trauma, can be result of aneurysm, can be acute and chronic. Intracerebral - Answer-Most complicated, usually inoperable, related to intracerebral aneurysm or cancer. Cannot be fixed well