PORTAGE LEARNING BIOD 101 MODULE 4 EXAMS WITH ACTUAL CORRECT QUESTIONS AND VERIFIED DETAILED ANSWERS ALREADY GRADED A+ GUARANTEED PASS Define a tumor. A mass of abnormal cells within normal body tissues. What is the difference between benign and malignant tumors? Benign tumors have not developed the ability to spread to different parts of the body. They can be surgically removed Malignant tumors have developed genetic traits that allow them to grow continuously and to spread to new tissues. Can be surgically removed but is harder to treat. Define metastasis Spreading of cancer cells from one part of the body to another. What does chemotherapy do? Targets rapidly dividing cells. What are 3 ways to remove cancer from the body. Remove surgically Chemotherapy Radiation th erapy The cell cycle is specific to what type of cells? Somatic cells Somatic cells are also known as Diploids What does n=? Number of chromosomes What are somatic cells represented as? n=23 What is the purpose of meiosis? To reduce gamete cells to a haplo id state. What is a haploid state? Having only 1 set of chromosomes. Define autosome All chromosomes except the one that determines the sex of the offspring. How many autosomes are there in each set? 22 (n=22) What is the chromosome that determines the sex in humans? Sex chromosome What are the 2 options of a sex chromosome ? X and Y Which sex chromosome does an egg carry? X Which type of sex chromosome does sperm cells carry? X or Y Is XX male or female? Female Is XY male or female? Male Autosomal chromosomes are arranged in what? Pairs Do autosomal chromosomes vary in length and the type of genetic information they hold? Yes Define a karyotype Picture or display of a homologous chromosome What are homologous chromosomes also known as? Homologs Describe homologous traits Contain same genes of inherited characteristics, are the same size, centromeres are in the same place, and their appearance will be the same after chemical staining. Meiosis is divided into what? Meiosis 1 and Meiosis 2 Describe meiosis 1 The separation of homologous chromosomes Describe meiosis 2 The separation of sister chromatids Does meiosis have an interphase? Yes What are the phases of meiosis 1? prophase 1, metaphase 1, anaphase 1, telophase 1 and cytokinesis What is prophase 1 of meiosis followed by? Centrosome movement Chromosome condensation and coiling Spindle formation Dissolution of the nuclear envelope into vesicle -like structures Why is li ning up gene by gene along a homogenous pair important? The process of crossing over needs to occur What does crossing over do? Increases genetic variety What are the cohesion proteins paired with sister chromatids called? Cohesin What is the synaptonemal complex?
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