BIOD 152- MODULE 7 UPDATED
QUESTION AND ANSWERS 2024/2025
Size and location of kidneys
-bean shaped
-5 oz
-between T12-L3
-right kidney lies slightly lower because of the liver
What is the renal Hilus?
A depression on the medial border of the kidney
What is the Renal sinus?
where the blood vessels, nerves and ureter enter or leave the kidney
Layers of the kidney
-Renal capsule: inner most
-Adipose capsule: fatty layer
-Renal fascia: outer most
Inner regions of the kidney
-Renal cortex: outer portion with projections (cortical columns)
-Renal Medulla: divided into sections (pyramids)
-Renal Pelvis: funnel tube that connects to the ureter as it leaves the hilus
-Calyces: extensions of rental pelvis that collect urine & drain into the renal pelvis
-Ureter
Blood Supply to Kidneys
-renal arteries come right off abdominal aorta
-deliver 1200 ml of blood/ min
-20% of cardiac output
Explain the blood flow in the kidneys
-Renal arteries
-branch into 5 segmental arteries
-divide into lobar arteries
-divide into interlobar arteries (pass brwn renal pyramids)
-divide into arcuate arteries
-divide into interlobular arteries
-feed afferent arterioles
-which supply glomeruli
-after filtration, into efferent arterioles & drains into either peritubular or vasa recta
capillaries
Explain the blood flow out of the kidneys
-From capillaries, drains into interlobular veins
-arcuate veins
-interlobar veins
-renal vein which exits kidney
Nerve supply to kidney
, Renal Plexus
-nerve fibers follow renal arteries into each kidney
-Sympathetic innervation
Ureters function
2 that carry urine from kidneys into the bladder
What is the Ureterovesical valves
-sphincter located where the ureters enter the base of the bladder
-prevents backflow of urine
Linning of ureters
-transitional epithelium: inner most
-muscular: longitudinal & circular, uses contractions to propel urine
-fibrous connective tissue: outer
Urinary Bladder
-hollow muscular sac
-receives and stores urine
-urine exits via urethra
Male vs female bladder
male: base of bladder in front of rectum, behind pubis symphysis.
female: sits below uterus, in front of vagina. lower max cap
Anatomy of the bladder
-2 urethral orifices
-trigone: smooth triangular center region of the bladder
Layers of the bladder
-outer adventitia: fibrous connective tissue
-detrusor muscle: inner & outer longitudinal layers, middle circular layer
-inner mucosal layer
Why is the inner mucosal layer important to the bladder?
made up of transitional epithelium which enables expansion to absorb fluids
Features of the bladder
-elastic & collapsable when empty
-swells & rises in abdominal cavity
-rugae
-micturition
What allows the bladder to extend to increase in capacity?
Rugae- inner folds
What is the max capacity of the bladder? How much urine causes the urge to
urinate?
-800-1000 mL
-200 ml
What is micturition?
the act of emptying the bladder
How does micturition happen?
-detrusor muscle contracts forcing urine agains internal urethral sphincter
-internal sphincter relaxes
-then we control relaxing the external urethral sphincter which would result in urination
QUESTION AND ANSWERS 2024/2025
Size and location of kidneys
-bean shaped
-5 oz
-between T12-L3
-right kidney lies slightly lower because of the liver
What is the renal Hilus?
A depression on the medial border of the kidney
What is the Renal sinus?
where the blood vessels, nerves and ureter enter or leave the kidney
Layers of the kidney
-Renal capsule: inner most
-Adipose capsule: fatty layer
-Renal fascia: outer most
Inner regions of the kidney
-Renal cortex: outer portion with projections (cortical columns)
-Renal Medulla: divided into sections (pyramids)
-Renal Pelvis: funnel tube that connects to the ureter as it leaves the hilus
-Calyces: extensions of rental pelvis that collect urine & drain into the renal pelvis
-Ureter
Blood Supply to Kidneys
-renal arteries come right off abdominal aorta
-deliver 1200 ml of blood/ min
-20% of cardiac output
Explain the blood flow in the kidneys
-Renal arteries
-branch into 5 segmental arteries
-divide into lobar arteries
-divide into interlobar arteries (pass brwn renal pyramids)
-divide into arcuate arteries
-divide into interlobular arteries
-feed afferent arterioles
-which supply glomeruli
-after filtration, into efferent arterioles & drains into either peritubular or vasa recta
capillaries
Explain the blood flow out of the kidneys
-From capillaries, drains into interlobular veins
-arcuate veins
-interlobar veins
-renal vein which exits kidney
Nerve supply to kidney
, Renal Plexus
-nerve fibers follow renal arteries into each kidney
-Sympathetic innervation
Ureters function
2 that carry urine from kidneys into the bladder
What is the Ureterovesical valves
-sphincter located where the ureters enter the base of the bladder
-prevents backflow of urine
Linning of ureters
-transitional epithelium: inner most
-muscular: longitudinal & circular, uses contractions to propel urine
-fibrous connective tissue: outer
Urinary Bladder
-hollow muscular sac
-receives and stores urine
-urine exits via urethra
Male vs female bladder
male: base of bladder in front of rectum, behind pubis symphysis.
female: sits below uterus, in front of vagina. lower max cap
Anatomy of the bladder
-2 urethral orifices
-trigone: smooth triangular center region of the bladder
Layers of the bladder
-outer adventitia: fibrous connective tissue
-detrusor muscle: inner & outer longitudinal layers, middle circular layer
-inner mucosal layer
Why is the inner mucosal layer important to the bladder?
made up of transitional epithelium which enables expansion to absorb fluids
Features of the bladder
-elastic & collapsable when empty
-swells & rises in abdominal cavity
-rugae
-micturition
What allows the bladder to extend to increase in capacity?
Rugae- inner folds
What is the max capacity of the bladder? How much urine causes the urge to
urinate?
-800-1000 mL
-200 ml
What is micturition?
the act of emptying the bladder
How does micturition happen?
-detrusor muscle contracts forcing urine agains internal urethral sphincter
-internal sphincter relaxes
-then we control relaxing the external urethral sphincter which would result in urination
