Practice for CT Boards Questions And Answers

Normal body temperature - ANS 97.7 deg to 99.5 def F pulse rate for adults - ANS 60-100 beats per min pulse rate for children - ANS 70-120 beats per min systolic blood pressure - ANS pressure within arteries during cardiac contraction and should be less than 120 mm Hg diastolic pressure - ANS measured during relaxation of heart and should be less than 80 mm Hg normal respiration for adults - ANS 12 to 20 breaths per min normal respiration for children - ANS 20-30 breaths per min Explain the three stages of the cardiac cycle - ANS 1. Atrial systole: contraction of LA and RA -onset of P wave of ECG 2. Ventricular systole: contraction of LV and RV -beginning of QRS complex on ECG 3. Complete cardiac diastole: period of relaxation after heart contraction -corresponds to T wave on ECG beta adrenergic receptor blocking agent purpose - ANS reduce a patients heart rate what is the optimal beats per minute rate for CT imaging - ANS 65 sublingual nitroglycerine purpose - ANS cause dilation of coronary vessels, improving their visualization normal blood urea nitrogen (BUN) - ANS 7-25 mg/dL normal creatinine (Cr) - ANS 0.5-1.5 mg/dL normal BUN/Cr ratio - ANS 6-22:1 normal GFR - ANS men: 70 + or - 14 ml/min/m2 women: 60 +or- 10 ml/min/m2 normal prothrombin time (PT) - ANS measure of blood coagulation 12-15 sec normal partial thromboplastin time (PTT) - ANS detect abnormalities in blood clotting 25-35 sec international normalized ration (INR) - ANS standardize PT results 0.8-1.2 normal platelet count - ANS 140,000-440,000 micoliter of blood D-timer testing - ANS utilized for diagnosis of deep vein thrombosis and pulmonary embolism -may indicate recently degraded blood clots coumadin - ANS anticoagulant -used to prevent formation of blood clots in veins and arteries metformin - ANS Glucophage -treat type 2 diabetes. -patients typically instructed not to take metformin up to 2 days following at contrast enhanced CT Drip infusion - ANS volume of contrast agent is administered at a slow rate over a long period bolus injection - ANS CM pushed into blood stream at a rapid rate over a short period of time power injectors flow rates - ANS up to 5 to 6 mL/sec flow rate for 22 gauge angiocatheters - ANS up to 3 mL/sec flow rate for 20 gauge angiocatheters - ANS used when flow rate exceeds 3mL/sec purpose of flushing the tubing with saline after CM injection - ANS 30-50ml -allows for a reduction of contrast agent dose and helps eliminate the streaking what to do if extravasation occurs? - ANS catheter should be removed and pressure applied to site with warm,moist compress