BBH Exam 1 Study Guide Questions and Answers 100% Solved correctly

____________ is the phase of the cardiac cycle where the ventricles of the heart contract, pushing blood from the heart into the arteries. Blood pressure during this phase is generally higher. - systole A ___________ is a research design that, by definition, involves simply describing a small group of patients who all have a similar diagnosis or collection of symptoms. - case series A group of investigators are interested in a hypothesized relationship between poor sleep and depression. They recruit a sample of participants; about half of them sleep an adequate amount each night and half of them have what is considered insufficient sleep (less than 6 hours per night). None of the participants are depressed at the start of the study. Researchers follow-up with the participants over the next 5 years to determine if those who sleep an insufficient amount each night are more likely to become depressed. This is what type of study? - cohort A neuron in culture is intentionally damaged in a laboratory experiment. Afterwards, the neuron seems to be incapable of receiving messages from other neurons. What neuronal structure was most likely damaged? - soma A person appears to display no ability to experience fear. Of the brain structures discussed in the lesson, which would you most suspect is dysfunctional? - amygdala After a few weeks of observation, I have come to believe that students on campus tend to walk faster when it is near a time that classes typically start (e.g. 9:05 AM, 1 PM) than when it is between class times. This is an example of a: - hypothesis Bill is laying on the couch watching a movie. He is calm and relaxed. What type of nervous system activity is predominant at this time? - parasympathetic nervous system activity Hormones synthesized in the hypothalamus (i.e. oxytocin and vasopressin) are secreted into the bloodstream by the: - posterior pituitaryIn "The Amazing Teen Brain," the author suggests that the riskiest teenage behaviors can be traced back to a mismatch in development between networks in what two brain regions? - prefrontal cortex and limbic system In a case control study of diet soda and obesity, researchers find a significant odds ratio of 1.5 for diet soda drinkers. This means that: - diet soda drinkers were 1.5x more likely to be obese than nondiet soda drinkers In an experiment, the investigators and the participants are both unaware of what group the participants have been assigned to. This is what level of blinding? - double In an experimental study, one group is given a new pharmaceutical drug and another group is given a placebo. The group given the placebo is referred to as the: - control group In the HPA axis hormone cascade, ACTH is a/an: - intermediate hormone In the large-scale effort to replicate psychology publications discussed in the article "The Unscientific Method," how many of the studies were successfully replicated? - a little more than 1/3 James was walking to the kitchen when his roommate jumped out at him from behind a door to try to scare him, causing his heart to race. What divisions of the nervous system were most active 1) when he was walking to the kitchen, and 2) immediately after his roommate scared him? - 1) somatic, 2) autonomic - sympathetic One typical difference between hormones and neurotransmitters is: - hormones are secreted into the bloodstream, while neurotransmitters are not Read the abstract for the article linked below. What type of study is this? Maternal overweight and obesity and risk of pre-eclampsia in women with type 1 diabetes or type 2 diabetes. (Links to an external site.) Links to an external site. - EmpiricalRead the abstract for the article linked below. What type of study is this? Neurodevelopmental Disorders (ASD and ADHD): DSM-5, ICD-10, and ICD-11. (Links to an external site.) Links to an external site. - Literature Review Releasing hormones are sent from the ____________ to the _____________ to trigger the secretion of hormones like beta-endorphin and growth hormone into the bloodstream. - hypothalamus, anterior pituitary Researchers are interested in studying the relationship between excessive caffeine intake and gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD). They recruit a sample of individuals; about half of them have GERD and half do not. They then ask the participants about their caffeine intake and analyze the data to determine if individuals with GERD are more likely to drink large amounts of caffeine. What type of study is this? - case-control Researchers conduct a cross-sectional survey and find there is a significant -0.4 correlation between age and daily candy intake. This means that: - as age increases, candy intake decreases Researchers conduct a survey of elderly individuals residing at nursing homes throughout Pennsylvania. The researchers sit down with each participant one time and ask a series of questions about subjective well-being. The researchers use the survey data to write a report about the mental health of nursing home residents in the state. This is what type of study? - cross-sectional Researchers use a cohort study design to investigate the hypothesis that daily alcohol consumption increases the risk of developing dementia. The dependent variable in this example would be: - dementia diagnosis Researchers want to investigate the relationship between drinking energy drinks and blood pressure. They recruit a sample of 100 participants and randomly assign 50 of them to group A and 50 of them to group B. Blood pressure is measured in both groups. Then participants of group A drink an energy drink and participants in group B drink a placebo drink. Blood pressure is then measured again and the preand post-drink measurements are compared. This is what type of study? - experimentalSusan has a stroke and afterwards experiences severe memory loss along with a lack of balance and equilibrium. What two structures were likely damaged in the stroke? - hippocampus and cerebellum T cells and B cells are both essential to mounting an immune response to an infection, but they work independently of one another. - False