Methods 2 Midterm- NWHSU Questions with Accurate Answers

Methods 2 Midterm- NWHSU Questions with Accurate Answers functional unit made up of two articulating surfaces and the connecting tissues binding them to each other motion segment two opposing vertebral segments and the connecting tissues interposed between them. motion segment (with regards to the spine) Previous Play Next Rewind 10 seconds Move forward 10 seconds Unmute 0:07 / 0:15 Full screen Brainpower Read More motion is defined by the movement of one _____________ surface relative to the other articulating surface *with regards to the spine movements are defined by the motion of the __________ vertebral segment relative to its ____-adjacent vertebra superior, sub In the Houston (medicare) vertebral body reference, you always compare the segment ____________ with the segment _____________ above, below If T5 is flexed in terms of Houston (medicare) VB reference, what does this mean? T5 is flexed on T6 Palmer Gonstead vertebral malposition reference spinous process reference *What do you do in end feel? push the bone in same direction, looking for a little spring Motion assessment locate osseous landmark, feel bone move in desired directions, feel how far the bone moves, note the end point, do end feel, compare the right and left sides T or F? joint subluxation occurs only in isolation F (joint subluxation can occur in isolation, or in association with other disorders) Is joint subluxation a functional or structural diagnosis? functional Joint subluxation is a ________ diagnosis, defined by a combination of ________ and _____________ clinical, signs, symptoms In the spine, term that implies the spinal motion segments and associated soft tissues are the source of the patient's symptoms joint subluxation *adjustive therapy that is the most commonly applied treatment High Velocity Low Amplitude Before applying therapy, we must determine if there is a _____________ for treatment clinical basis Often one component of the presenting disorder joint dysfunction Patients w/ disc herniations and facet syndrome will likely present with signs of ____________ joint disorder its essential to perform a comprehensive ____________ and ________________ to arrive at a diagnosis or differential diagnosis history, examination When doing complete patient assessment what components of history should you take? Chief complaint and history of present illness/injury, review of systems, family history, past history, current history examination is based on ___________ history findings *Components of Examination (9) inspection (posture, global and local), palpation (static 4 T's, then dynamic), percussion, ROM (active and passive), orthopedic testing, neurological testing (MSR), X-ray (imaging), lab, special tests P.A.R.T.S assessment Pain and tenderness, Asymmetry, Range of motion, Tone/texture/temperature, Special tests How many of the PARTS criteria must be present to diagnose a subluxation based on physical exam. Two of the four of the 2 PARTS criteria that must be present to diagnose a subluxation based on physical exam, one of them must be either _______________________ or ____________________ asymmetry/misalignment, ROM abnormality 4 things you want to know about pain: location, quality (what type of pain?), intensity, radiation T or F? Normal tissue should palpate as pain free. T T or F? The body should be perfectly symmetric. F (example: dominant hand shoulder may be lower) how is asymmetry assessed? at the sectional level: through posture and gait evaluation at the segmental level: through static palpations and radiographic evaluation T or F? Small asymmetries may not be significant T T or F? the tips of spinous processes are often deviated from their base T global range of motion is ______________ in lumbar spine ______________ in cervical spine active, active and passive global range of motion is measured w/ ___________________ or _________________ goniometers, inclinometers segmental range of motion is assessed w/ ________________ and stress radiographs motion palpation pain w/ active motion = ???????????? muscle strain pain with passive motion = _____________ joint, ligament, or tendom The 3 T's tone, temperature, texture resistance of muscle to stretch tone *tone runs ___________ the muscle fiber with (along) texture runs ___________ the muscle fibers across 4 different abnormal textures fluid-like or boggy, stringy, lumpy, ropey firm or thickened texture - chronic injury, mature scar tissue or adhesions present ropey in an injured site this injury implies the remodeling phase w/ adhesion formations lumpy in an injured site, this texture usually implies the fibrous repair phase of healing stringy in the presence of increased temperature his texture implies inflammation, with normal temperature it could indicate stasis or pathologic edema fluid-like or boggy Special tests specific to technique systems leg length check, muscle tests special tests; lab evaluation blood, urine special tests; radiography X-rays, MRI, CT EMG is done as what component of PARTS? Special tests facet joints are innervated by ___________ and ____________ mechanoreceptors, nociceptors nociceptors are present in the outer 1/3 of ______________ annulus fibrosis Lower 2/3 of sacroiliac joint = _____________ synovial upper 1/3 of sacroiliac joint = ___________ fibrous components of sacroiliac joint (3) 2 iliac bones, sacrum, fused 5 sacral vertebrae 3 joints of bony pelvis 2 sacroiliac joints, pubic symphysis links the two iliac bones anteriorly pubic symphysis function of bony pelvis transmits forces of vertebral column to lower limbs bony pelvis positioned strategically to relieve the ________ stress of the lower limbs during movement torsional the sacrum transmits forces in which direction into what structure? laterally into each ilia ligament that attaches intermediate and lateral crests of the sacrum to the PSIS; resists counter-nutation; pain of this can indicate SI joint dysfunction posterior sacroiliac ligament sacral base moving anterior and inferior nutation sacral base moving posterior and superior counternutation nutation happens as the trunk __________ extends counternutation happens as the trunk _________ flexes which direction does the ilium move in extension? anterior, superior, and lateral extended ilium = ___________ in innominate measurement on x-ray decreased