PathoHesiReview
AcidBaseImbalance-Theunderlyingcauseofanacidbaseimbalanceneedstobeidentifiedandthecauseneedstobetreated-Buffersprovideimmedia teprotectionagainstchangesinthehydrogenionconcentrationintheextracellularfluid-Thelungsaretheseconddefenseofthebody,theyinteractwiththebuffersystemtomaintainacidbasebalance-Duringacidosis,thepHdecreasesandtherespiratoryrateanddepthincreaseinanattempttoexhaleacids-Duringalkalosis,thepHincreasesandtherespiratoryrateanddepthdecrease-Duringcompensa tedacidosistheRRanddepthincreasetoexhaleacids-Duringcompensa tedalkalosistherespiratoryrateanddepthdecrease,CO2isretainedtoneutralizeanddecreasethestrengthofexcessbicarb-Duringacidosisthebodyprotectsitselffromtheacidicstatebymovinghydrogenionsintothecells->thenpotassiummovesouttomakeroomforhydrogenionsandthepotassiumlevelincreases
Cardiovasculardisorders(PathoI&II)
Areasoftheheart:-RightatriumreceivesbloodfromtheIVCandSVC,theleftatriumreceivesbloodfromthelungsviathepulmveins-Rightventriclepropelsbloodintopulmonar y,theleftventricleisthemainpumpoftheheartHemodynamics-Systole:contractionphaseofcardiaccyclewhencardiaccellscontractforcingbloodintotheaorticandpulmarteries-CO:amountofbloodpumpedbytheventricleinlitersperminute-SV:amountofbloodejectedfromoneventricleinonecontraction-Preload:degreeofstretchofthecardiacmusclefibersattheendofdiastole-Volumereturnedtotheheart(venousreturn)causespreloadEjectionfraction:thepercentofend-dias tolicvolumeejectedwitheachheartbea tWhatistheRAASsystem?-Renin-AngiotensinAldosteroneSystem-Ithelpsmaintainbloodvolumeandpressurethroughreabsorption.Retentionofsodiumandwater-AngiotensinIIcausespotentvasoconstrictionandaldosteronesecretion-leadingtoanincreaseinBPWhatfactorsaffectpreload?-IncreasedCVPresultingfromadecreasedvenouscompliance-Increasedatrialforceofcontraction-Increasedaorticpressure
AcidBaseImbalance-Theunderlyingcauseofanacidbaseimbalanceneedstobeidentifiedandthecauseneedstobetreated-Buffersprovideimmedia teprotectionagainstchangesinthehydrogenionconcentrationintheextracellularfluid-Thelungsaretheseconddefenseofthebody,theyinteractwiththebuffersystemtomaintainacidbasebalance-Duringacidosis,thepHdecreasesandtherespiratoryrateanddepthincreaseinanattempttoexhaleacids-Duringalkalosis,thepHincreasesandtherespiratoryrateanddepthdecrease-Duringcompensa tedacidosistheRRanddepthincreasetoexhaleacids-Duringcompensa tedalkalosistherespiratoryrateanddepthdecrease,CO2isretainedtoneutralizeanddecreasethestrengthofexcessbicarb-Duringacidosisthebodyprotectsitselffromtheacidicstatebymovinghydrogenionsintothecells->thenpotassiummovesouttomakeroomforhydrogenionsandthepotassiumlevelincreases
Cardiovasculardisorders(PathoI&II)
Areasoftheheart:-RightatriumreceivesbloodfromtheIVCandSVC,theleftatriumreceivesbloodfromthelungsviathepulmveins-Rightventriclepropelsbloodintopulmonar y,theleftventricleisthemainpumpoftheheartHemodynamics-Systole:contractionphaseofcardiaccyclewhencardiaccellscontractforcingbloodintotheaorticandpulmarteries-CO:amountofbloodpumpedbytheventricleinlitersperminute-SV:amountofbloodejectedfromoneventricleinonecontraction-Preload:degreeofstretchofthecardiacmusclefibersattheendofdiastole-Volumereturnedtotheheart(venousreturn)causespreloadEjectionfraction:thepercentofend-dias tolicvolumeejectedwitheachheartbea tWhatistheRAASsystem?-Renin-AngiotensinAldosteroneSystem-Ithelpsmaintainbloodvolumeandpressurethroughreabsorption.Retentionofsodiumandwater-AngiotensinIIcausespotentvasoconstrictionandaldosteronesecretion-leadingtoanincreaseinBPWhatfactorsaffectpreload?-IncreasedCVPresultingfromadecreasedvenouscompliance-Increasedatrialforceofcontraction-Increasedaorticpressure