OB/GYN Neoplasms--PAEA Exam/Rotations A+ Questions and Answers
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OB/GYN Neoplasms--PAEA
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OB/GYN Neoplasms--PAEA
Cysts, polyps and fibroids are all what? - ANSWER-benign cervical lesions
S/S of benign cervical lesions - ANSWER-intermenstrual bleeding, dyspareunia, bladder/rectal pressure, problems in pregnancy
Most common type of cervical cancer - ANSWER-squamous cell (80%)
Adenocarcinoma (20%)
medi...
OB/GYN Neoplasms--PAEA Exam/Rotations A+ Questions and Answers
Cysts, polyps and fibroids are all what? - ANSWER-benign cervical lesions
S/S of benign cervical lesions - ANSWER-intermenstrual bleeding, dyspareunia, bladder/rectal pressure, problems in pregnancy
Most common type of cervical cancer - ANSWER-squamous cell (80%)
Adenocarcinoma (20%)
median age of diagnosis, 52
S/S of cervical cancer - ANSWER-usually asymptomatic; post-coital bleeding, vaginal bleeding, watery discharge, pelvic pain/pressure, rectal/urinary symptoms
Diagnosis of cervical cancer - ANSWER-Screening pap/HPV
MUST have biopsy
Clinical staging of cervical cancer - ANSWER-I: confined to cervix
II: extends beyond cervix but not into pelvis or lower 1/3 of vagina
III: extends into pelvic side walls or lower 1/3 of vagina
IV: beyond pelvis, invasion into local structures (bladder/rectum)
Tx of Stage 0 (preinvasive carcinoma) and 1a (microinvasive) cervical cancer - ANSWER-hysterectomy; if want to maintain fertility do cold knife cone
Tx of Stage Ia-2 to IIb (early dz) cervical cancer - ANSWER-radiation therapy, radical hysterectomy (with pelvic node dissection)
Tx of Stage IIb to IV (advanced dz) cervical cancer - ANSWER-chemoradiation therapy
What is CIN (cervical intraepithelial neoplasia)? - ANSWER-premalignant changes in cervical epithelium that have potential of becoming cancerous
CIN I - ANSWER-cellular dysplasia confined to lower 1/3 of epithelium (formerly mild dysplasia)
CIN II - ANSWER-cellular dysplasia of 2/3 epithelium (formerly moderate dysplasia)
CIN III - ANSWER-cellular dysplasia encompassing more than 2/3 epithelial thickness (formerly severe dysplasia). Includes full thickness lesions (formerly carcinoma in situ or
CIS) CIN usually occurs after pregnancy or during menarche. _____ is the primary cause of CIN and cervical cancer. Types __,__,__, and ___ have high oncogenic potential. - ANSWER-HPV most common cause
Types 16,18,31,41
How do you diagnose CIN? - ANSWER-colposcopy with biopsy
Tx of CIN I - ANSWER-repeat pap q6months x1 year or high risk HPV screen in 1yr; if persistent x2yr then offer LEEP
Tx of CIN II - ANSWER-LEEP or repeat pap and colpo q6months for 2 yrs in young women
Tx of CIN III - ANSWER-LEEP
What vaccine can help prevent HPV/Cervical cancer and is given as 3 injections over 9 months to ages 9-26? - ANSWER-Gardasil (6, 11, 16, 18)
Cervarix (16, 18, 31, 45)
Type 1 (80%) endometrial cancer occurs in what type of women? - ANSWER-women with chronic estrogen exposure unopposed by progestin called estrogen dependent neoplasms. Starts as low grade hyperplasia then progresses to cancer. Good prognosis.
Type 2 (20%) endometrial cancer is estrogen independent neoplasms not related to what? - ANSWER-not related to unopposed estrogen stimulation or endometrial hyperplasia. Usually occurs w/in background of atrophic endometrium or polyps. Associated with p53 tumor suppression gene.
Why is obesity a risk factor for Type 1 Endometrial Cancer? - ANSWER-obese women have higher endogenous estrogen levels due to peripheral conversion of androgens to etrone and estradiol in the adipocytes
Protective factors against endometrial cancer - ANSWER-OCPs (protect 15 yrs after discontinuation), high parity, pregnancy, physical activity, smoking
S/S of endometrial cancer - ANSWER-postmenopausal bleeding, abnormal vaginal bleeding (menorrhagia, postcoital spotting, intermenstrual bleeding), vaginal discharge, pelvic pain/mass in advanced dz
Diagnosis of endometrial cancer - ANSWER-Endometrial biopsy
Transvaginal US (endometrial strip >4cm)
TSH, prolactin, FSH, BCB, CA-125, pap
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