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Respiratory and Cardiac Diseases Chart
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- Denver School Of Nursing
Respiratory and Cardiac Diseases Chart
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DisorderCause/Pathology Risk Factors Signs andSymptomsLung Sounds
Atelectasis Small airway
collapse due to
deflation of alveoliAge, Smoking,
Surgery, TumorDyspnea, Hypoxia,
Diminished Breath
Sounds, Increased RRDecreased breath
sounds or absent Fine crackles
Pneumonia Inflammation of
alveolar sacs cause
of fluid (bacterial
infection)Infectious or
Aspirationfever/chills, malaise,
cough dyspnea,
pleuritic pain,
hemoptysisRales/crackles,
Increased Breath
Sounds, Increased
fremitus
Asthma Narrowing of
airways,
bronchoconstriction
and inflammationAllergy, exercise,
pollutants, GERD,
upper/lower resp
infectionscough , dyspnea,
chest tightness,
accessory muscle useWheezing with
prolonged
expiration
Chronic Bronchitis
(COPD) “BB”Hypersecretion of
mucus in trachea
and bronchismoking Chronic cough,
obesity, cyanotic,
peripheral edemaRhonchi and
Wheezes
Emphysema
(COPD) “PP”Destruction of
alveoli causes air
trappingBarrel chest, SOB,
thin, cachectic, rosy
skin tonesRhonchi or
Wheezes crackles
Pleural Effusion Fluid in pleural
spaceCaused by HF or
cancerDyspnea, decreased
chest wall movement,
sharp pleuritic pain Pleural friction rub
Pneumothorax Partial or Complete
Lung collapse due
to air in pleural
cavityAir in pleural space Dyspnea, anxiety,
tracheal displacement,
decreased chest wall
movementCoarse Crackles
Pulmonary
Tuberculosis Bacterial infection,
contagiousHIV, homeless,
crowded living
spacesFatigue, anorexia,
weight loss, low-grade
fevers/night sweats,
dyspnea, hemoptysisCrackles
Lung Cancer Most fatal cancer Tobacco Persistent cough,
chest pain, fatigue,
weight loss,
hemoptysis, dyspnea,
nail clubbingWheezes ARDS Significant
pulmonary edemaTrauma or shock Rapid onset,
restlessness,
dyspnea, frothy
sputum, hypoxemiaCrackles RSVVirus in lungs Cause of
bronchiolitis and
pneumonia in
infantsCold-like symptoms:
fever, congestion,
cough Rales (crackles)
CroupSwelling of trachea,
larynx, bronchiInfants and
toddlersFever, dysphonia,
barking cough,
drooling and cyanosis Stridor Pulmonary Edema Too much fluid in
the lungsSOB, Orthopnea,
cough, hypoxia, frothyRales/ fine
Crackles
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