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Summary Basic Chemistry Study Notes for Introductory Biology (Handwritten)
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Basic Chemistry Study Notes for Introductory Biology for Science Majors Are you a science major aiming to master biology concepts? My "Basic Chemistry Study Notes for Introductory Biology " are designed to help you grasp fundamental biological topics crucial for your studies. This PDF includ...

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  • August 2, 2024
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  • 2023/2024
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THE CELL /BASIC CHEMISTRY

, THE CELL /BASIC CHEMISTRY

CHEMICAL ELEMENTS



that takes up space and has
anything
matter= mass

↳
different forms four distinct states solid , liquid plasma
many
:
, ,

gas ,




)
↳
composed of elements - >
substance that can't be broken down into simpler substances

each element has specific unique properties (e
, .




. density
g ,
solubility
,
melting point .....



building blocks of matter bother
92 elements elements
naturally occurring =
-




by physicists (not biologically
relevant
artificially constructed



six elements basic to life =
C , H ,
N , 0 ,
P, S


make up 95 % of
body mass of
organisms , essential to uniqueness of
cells/organisms
also important to life k Ca , Fe , zn
Mg
=
, .




John Dalton developed atomic elements are composed of particles called atoms
theory
=
atom is smallest part of element that still
displays properties of that element

(one letters
atomic
symbol stands for name or two
=




atoms consist of subatomic particles protons ( ) neutrons electrons (-)
:
+
, ,




↳
protons and neutrons in nucleus , electrons more around it in electron shells




all atoms of same element have same


number of protons =
atomic number




atoms are assumed to be of protons/elections
electrically neutral number
-I
same

sum of protons and neutrons =
mass number




each atom has same atomic number , but number

of neutrons can
vary
=

isotopes
atomic of all isotopes of atom
mass=aug .
mass




to determine number of neutrons from atomic mass
>
subtract protons from atomic mass take closest whole number
-




,

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