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MCB 3020 Exam 4 Study Guide with Complete Questions and Answers

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MCB 3020 Exam 4 Study Guide with Complete
Questions and Answers

What are the two types of Immunity? - ANSWER - Innate Immunity and Acquired Immunity

What are the major components of Innate Immunity? - ANSWER - skin, stomach acid, fever,
immflamuation, phagocytosis, and complement proteins

What is Innate Immunity? - ANSWER - inbuilt immunity to resist infection (nonspecific)

What is Acquired Immunity? - ANSWER - immunity established to resist infection (specificity, tolerance,
memory)

What are the major components of Acquired Immunity? - ANSWER -

What are the primary lymphatic tissues and organs? - ANSWER - bone marrow and thymus

What is the primary lymphatic system? - ANSWER - involved in production, maturation, and
differentiation of lymphocytes

What is the secondary lymphatic system? - ANSWER - initiate an adaptive immune response by
encountering and binding antigens

What are the secondary lymphatic tissues and organs? - ANSWER - spleen, lymph nodes, tonsils,
lymphoid tissues, Peyer's patches

How does the mucous membrane defend against pathogens? - ANSWER - continually sheds dead cells
that may contain pathogens

,How do microbes on the skin help defend against pathogens? - ANSWER - they compete with other
microbes for food and space

they also provide vitamins to the host

What is the function of bone marrow? - ANSWER - where all immune system components originate
(except complement proteins)

What is the function of the thymus? - ANSWER - immune system cells develop and differentiate here
after they leave the bone marrow

How is the spleen involved in the immune system? - ANSWER - it filters the blood for: (1) dead red blood
cells (red pulp)

(2) any sign of infection (white pulp; contains lymphocytes)

How are lymph nodes involved in the immune system? - ANSWER - pea-sized organs that filter lymph for
the presence of infectious agents (antigens)

Where are lymph nodes found? - ANSWER - armpit area and groin area

What cells act inside lymph nodes? - ANSWER - B cells and T cells interact with each other in the lymph
node to process the antigen and initiate a response

What are the blood-formed elements? - ANSWER - White Blood cells, Red Blood cells, and Platelets

What do red blood cells do? - ANSWER - carry O2 and CO2

What do white blood cells do? - ANSWER -

What do platelets do? - ANSWER - involved in blood clotting and inflammation

If your number of neutrophils is high... - ANSWER - you have bacterial infection

,If your number of eosinophils is high... - ANSWER - you have a parasitic infection

What is the first line of defense? - ANSWER - nonspecific defense that prevents pathogens from entering
the body

What are the major elements of the first line of defense? - ANSWER - skin, mucous membrane, microbial
antagonism,and mucociliary escalator

How does the skin defend against pathogens? (4) - ANSWER - 1) perspiration (high salt)

2) secretion of oil (low pH)

3) Lysozyme (destroy cell walls)

4) epidermis (shed dead cells with pathogens)

What are the major components of the second line of defense? - ANSWER - phagocytosis

extracellular killing (NK cells)

inflammation

fever

complement system

What is the function of a lysosome involved in phagocytosis? - ANSWER - the lysosome releases
chemicals chemicals that digest the microbe that the phagocytic cell has engulfed

What chemicals does the lysosome contain? - ANSWER - hydrolytic enzymes (lipases, proteases, etc.)

hydrogen peroxide

superoxides

toxic nitrogen intermediaries

What is inflammation? - ANSWER - nonspecific response to tissue injury due to infection or physical
means

, What are the major characteristics of inflammation? - ANSWER - redness, capillary dilation, warmth,
pain, swelling recruit phagocytes, restrict pathogens

How is fever produced? - ANSWER - the body responds to a pathogen by increasing metabolic activity,
increasing muscle contractions, and reducing blood flow to the skin

Which molecules induce fevers? - ANSWER - Interleukin-1 (signals

bacterial components (toxins and other components)

antibody-antigen complexes

What are molecules that induce fevers called? - ANSWER - pyrogens

What are complement proteins? - ANSWER - complement proteins are proteins that circulate in the
blood killing, opsonizing, produce inflammatory compounds, or attract immune cells

What is opsonization? - ANSWER - opsonization is the coating of microbes by serum proteins

What is the effect of opsonization? - ANSWER - facilitate phagocytosis

What are three opsonins? - ANSWER - antibodies

complement proteins

acute phase proteins (CRP and MBL)

What are is the second line of defense? - ANSWER - set nonspecific defenses that attack all pathogens in
a similar fashion

What are antigens? - ANSWER - foreign molecules that elicit an immune response and B cells and T cells
are activated in response to each specific antigen

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