100% satisfaction guarantee Immediately available after payment Both online and in PDF No strings attached
logo-home
Bio 342 Dr. Manuela Gardner - Exam 4 Study Guide $13.99   Add to cart

Exam (elaborations)

Bio 342 Dr. Manuela Gardner - Exam 4 Study Guide

 3 views  0 purchase
  • Course
  • Bio 342
  • Institution
  • Bio 342

What is tonicity? Correct Answer the ability of a solution to change shape or tone of cells by altering the cells internal water volume. A solution's tonicity depends on the solution's concentration of nonpenetrating solutes (e.g., NaCl) relative to that in the cell, not on the total osmolarity of...

[Show more]

Preview 3 out of 19  pages

  • August 4, 2024
  • 19
  • 2024/2025
  • Exam (elaborations)
  • Questions & answers
  • Bio 342
  • Bio 342
avatar-seller
cracker
Bio 342 Dr. Manuela Gardner - Exam 4 Study
Guide
What is tonicity? Correct Answer ✓✓ the ability of a solution to change
shape or tone of cells by altering the cells internal water volume. A
solution's tonicity depends on the solution's concentration of
nonpenetrating solutes (e.g., NaCl) relative to that in the cell, not on the
total osmolarity of the solution. Tonicity provides the information on
how the solution affects the cell's volume


- Why does it matter if a cell is hypertonic or hypotonic?
- Water movement depends on what type of solute? Correct Answer ✓✓
- A hypertonic solution has increased solute, and a net movement of
water outside causing the cell to shrink. A hypotonic solution has
decreased solute concentration, and a net movement of water inside the
cell, causing swelling or breakage.
- Osmolarity of extracellular and intracellular fluids


What is the difference between diffusion, facilitated diffusion and active
transport? When are they used? For which substances? Correct Answer
✓✓ - Diffusion: movement of solute from an area of high concentration
to an area of low concentration across a plasma membrane, Lipid-
soluble molecules (alcohol, CO2 ) → all, hydrophobic stuff, No specific
transporters are needed, No ATP needed
- Facilitated Diffusion: Ions and small polar molecules are assisted
across the plasma membrane by a transport protein channel/ carrier.
Limited by concentration gradient and number of protein channels →
affects permeability.
No ATP needed

,Channel Mediated: ion movement is facilitated by channels
Carrier Mediated: polar molecule movement is facilitated by protein
carriers
- Active transport: movement of a substance against its concentration
gradient via a protein pump
Na+/K+ ATPase/pump moves 3 Na+ out of the cell and 2 K+ into the
cell. An enzyme that moves ions via hydrolysis of ATP


What is hydrolysis? Correct Answer ✓✓ A chemical reaction in which a
compound is broken down into smaller molecules by reacting with
water.


why do we need O2? and how is it transported in the Blood? Correct
Answer ✓✓ We inhale due to Cellular Respiration and oxidative
phosphorylation needing Oxygen.


Solubility of O2 in aqueous solutions is low
Respiratory Pigments help to increase the amount of O2 in the blood
By binding oxygen to carriers, PO2 in the blood remains low →
improved O2 Extraction
Contains metal ions
Gives them a strong color
Oxygen binds reversibly to the metal ion
Bind to pigment at the lungs
Releases from the pigment at the tissues

, Why do we need to get rid of CO2? What happens to pH if we have too
much CO2? Correct Answer ✓✓ Because it's toxic and it takes up the
carrying capacity of the blood and O2 wouldn't be able to travel through
the body.
Increase in CO2, increases Hydrogen concentration → lowering the pH


How is pH measured? Which organs help you to maintain pH
homeostasis? Correct Answer ✓✓ measured by Hydrogen Atoms →
more H+, more acidic.
- The lungs help maintain pH homeostasis by inhaling and exhaling
- The kidneys, pee out or keep hydrogen atoms and bicarbonate, the
cardiac system, transports carbon dioxide and hydrogen ions as HCO3-
- The digestive system absorbs hydrogen ions
- Skeletal, buffers blood against excess pH.


How is the resting potential determined? Which ions are involved?
Which transporters? Correct Answer ✓✓ difference an ion
concentration of intracellular and extracellular fluid and permeability of
plasma membrane to different ions. Cl-, K+, and Na+ are the ions
involved, and the Na+/K+ ATPase pump is the transporter.


What does the Na+, K+ ATPase do? Why is it important? Correct
Answer ✓✓ Transports 3 Na+ out of the cell, and 2 K+ into the cell
against the gradient secondary active transport, also helps maintain
electrical charge and resting potential within the cell.

The benefits of buying summaries with Stuvia:

Guaranteed quality through customer reviews

Guaranteed quality through customer reviews

Stuvia customers have reviewed more than 700,000 summaries. This how you know that you are buying the best documents.

Quick and easy check-out

Quick and easy check-out

You can quickly pay through credit card or Stuvia-credit for the summaries. There is no membership needed.

Focus on what matters

Focus on what matters

Your fellow students write the study notes themselves, which is why the documents are always reliable and up-to-date. This ensures you quickly get to the core!

Frequently asked questions

What do I get when I buy this document?

You get a PDF, available immediately after your purchase. The purchased document is accessible anytime, anywhere and indefinitely through your profile.

Satisfaction guarantee: how does it work?

Our satisfaction guarantee ensures that you always find a study document that suits you well. You fill out a form, and our customer service team takes care of the rest.

Who am I buying these notes from?

Stuvia is a marketplace, so you are not buying this document from us, but from seller cracker. Stuvia facilitates payment to the seller.

Will I be stuck with a subscription?

No, you only buy these notes for $13.99. You're not tied to anything after your purchase.

Can Stuvia be trusted?

4.6 stars on Google & Trustpilot (+1000 reviews)

72042 documents were sold in the last 30 days

Founded in 2010, the go-to place to buy study notes for 14 years now

Start selling
$13.99
  • (0)
  Add to cart