USA HLTH 1020 Health Anatomy
Week 1 Lecture Notes and Tutorials
(Terminologies and Tissues)
University of South Australia
, lOMoAR cPSD| 42147428
HLTH 1020 WEEK 1 LECTURE 1 – Anatomical Position, Terminology
and Planes
- THE ANATOMICAL POSITION
▪ Can be achieved laying or standing
o Arms near sides
o Palms facing forward
o Why have an anatomical position?
▪ The position is a starting point/reference
• EXAMPLE: if describing a particular muscles or position of the body,
the anatomical position is the first point of reference
- TERMINOLOGY: DIRECTIONS
o PROXIMAL AND DISTAL
▪ Proximal (from Latin Proximus 'nearest') and Distal (from Latin distare 'to
stand away from'):
• Used to describe parts of a feature that are close to or distant from
the head, respectively
o Question: Online resources often suggest the frame of
reference as being the centre of the body – is the head
used as the reference point instead for a specific reason?
▪ Used when referring to the position of LIMBS
• EXAMPLE: the TIBIOFIBULAR JOINT (the point of connection for the
TIBIA to the FIBULA) occurs at two points;
o The PROXIMAL TIBIOFIBULAR refers to the joint relatively
‘closer’ to the head (‘closer proximity’)
o The DISTAL TIBIOFIBULAR refers to the joint relatively
‘further’ from the head (further ‘distance’)
o LATERAL & MEDIAL
▪ In relation to the MIDLINE
• Used to describe parts of a feature that are closer or further from
one’s midline
• EXAMPLE: the ??? (???) features two ‘heads’ or ‘bellies’;
o The LATERAL ??? refers to the portion of ??? relatively
‘further’ from the midline of a body
o The MEDIAL ??? refers to the portion of ??? relatively
‘closer’ to the midline of a body
▪ Medial/middle/median (!needs expansion!)
o SUPERIOR & INFERIOR
• *Applies to the head, neck, and trunk*
▪ ‘SUPERIOR’ or ‘SUPRA’ (meaning ‘above’)
▪ ‘INFERIOR’ or ‘INFRA’/‘SUB’ (meaning ‘below’)
▪ EXAMPLE: the ILLIAC BONE features two ‘spines’ (sharp, bony protrusions);
• The ANTERIOR SUPERIOR ILLIAC SPINE refers to the ‘higher’ of the
two protrusions, ‘closer’ to the head
• The ANTERIOR INFERIOR ILLIAC SPINE refers to the ‘lower’ of the
two protrusions, ‘further’ from the head
, lOMoAR cPSD| 42147428
o DEEP & SUPERFICIAL
▪ ‘DEEP’ = refers to structures closer to the interior body
▪ ‘SUPERFICIAL’ = refers to structures closer to the exterior surface of the body
o ANTERIOR & POSTERIOR
▪ ANTERIOR: nearer to the front, especially situated in the front of the body or
nearer to the head
• EXAMPLE: "the veins anterior to the heart"
• Opposite of POSTERIOR
▪ Anterior (the ‘front’ or ‘in front of’, relative to the body)
▪ Posterior (the ‘back’ or ‘behind’, relative to the body)
- TERMINOLOGY: PLANES
o PLANES = imaginary sections that are drawn across bodies
▪ May be utilised to view an X-ray, MRI, a CT scan, anatomy diagram, etc.
• **sections do not have to be equal in size**
▪ TRANSVERSE / HORIZONTAL PLANE
• E.g., upper section and lower section
• Divides into superior & inferior
▪ FRONTAL / CORONAL PLANE
• E.g., ‘front’ section and ‘back’ section
• Divides into anterior & posterior
▪ SAGITTAL PLANE
o Origin of word “Sagittarius”; astrology
• E.g., ‘left’ section and ‘right’ section
• Divides into left & right
• MID-SAGITTAL PLANE = division of the midline of a body
- KNOWLEDGE TEST
o The knee is DISTAL to the hip.
▪ “because it’s on a limb we use proximal and distal”
o The sternum (breastbone) is LATERAL to the ribs.
▪ The sternum (breastbone) is MEDIAL to the ribs.
o The SAGITALL plane divides you into right and left parts.
o The elbow is MEDIAL to the wrist.
▪ The elbow is (more) PROXIMAL to the wrist.
• “As it is closer to the head”
HLTH 1020 WEEK 1 LECTURE 2 – Bones
- BONE STRUCTURE and FUNCTION
o Bones of the HUMAN BODY
▪ Composed of ~206 bones
▪ Accounts for ~15% body weight
▪ Fused by early 20’s
• “Therefore the length they will be for the remainder of life”
▪ Bones are LIVING and GROWING tissue
• Made of COLLAGEN (protein) and CALCIUM (mineral)
o PURPOSE of BONES
▪ Support
The benefits of buying summaries with Stuvia:
Guaranteed quality through customer reviews
Stuvia customers have reviewed more than 700,000 summaries. This how you know that you are buying the best documents.
Quick and easy check-out
You can quickly pay through EFT, credit card or Stuvia-credit for the summaries. There is no membership needed.
Focus on what matters
Your fellow students write the study notes themselves, which is why the documents are always reliable and up-to-date. This ensures you quickly get to the core!
Frequently asked questions
What do I get when I buy this document?
You get a PDF, available immediately after your purchase. The purchased document is accessible anytime, anywhere and indefinitely through your profile.
Satisfaction guarantee: how does it work?
Our satisfaction guarantee ensures that you always find a study document that suits you well. You fill out a form, and our customer service team takes care of the rest.
Who am I buying this summary from?
Stuvia is a marketplace, so you are not buying this document from us, but from seller AcademicAllure. Stuvia facilitates payment to the seller.
Will I be stuck with a subscription?
No, you only buy this summary for $15.49. You're not tied to anything after your purchase.
