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Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (Or Motor Neurone Disease) Symptoms correct answers UPPER MOTOR NEURONE DAMAGE: - Spasticity - Hyperflexia - Exaggerated stretch reflex - Weakness LOWER MOTOR NEURONE DAMAGE: - Atrophy - Cervical extensor weakness (head drop) - Fasciculation - Breat...

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2210 EOS Exam || Already Passed.
Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (Or Motor Neurone Disease) Symptoms correct answers UPPER
MOTOR NEURONE DAMAGE:
- Spasticity
- Hyperflexia
- Exaggerated stretch reflex
- Weakness

LOWER MOTOR NEURONE DAMAGE:
- Atrophy
- Cervical extensor weakness (head drop)
- Fasciculation
- Breathing problems

DOES NOT IMPACT:
- Eye movements
- Bladder control
- Sensory function
- Cognition

Medical Management of Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis correct answers - NO CURE
- Medicate to manage symptoms: Saliva production, depression, cramping, pain
- Ventilation
- Feeding tube

OT role in Managing Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis ( MD) correct answers • Support family
needs - education, reassurance
• Assist the individual by compensating for declining motor function through:
- Occupation focus
- Exercise and activity
- Assistive technology and equipment

Friedrich's Ataxia Symptoms correct answers Average of onset : 5-15 years. It is inherited

- Ataxia (lack of voluntary coordination)
- Scoliosis
- Loss of sensation
- Diabetes
- Dysarthria (Difficult / unclear speech)
- Shortened life expectancy

It is caused by a DEGENERATION TO THE SPINAL CORD AND PERIPHERAL NERVES

2 stages of Frederich's Ataxia correct answers 1) Ambulatory stage
The person is mobile BUT:

,- Mild scoliosis
- Decrease in reflexes
- Loss of hand function
- Diminished sense of touch
- Unsteady gait

2) Non-ambulatory stage
- wheelchair bound
- Has head, neck and face ataxia which makes it hard to sit upright

OT role in Frederich's Ataxia correct answers - Family and client support
- Assist in maintaining functionality despite loss of function
*Assist with declining hand function
* Using walker
* Sense of touch
* falls risks

ADDRESS ATAXIA:
- Address emotional fatigue
- Adapted equipment
- Modify occupations
- Stabilise and support

Guillain Barre syndrome symptoms correct answers an AUTOIMMUNE inflammation of the
myelin sheath of peripheral nerves and spinal roots. It is caused by : Viral infection,
immunisation or surgery

SYMPTOMS:
- Weakness in DISTAL arms and legs which slowly progresses towards the trunk
- Bilateral weakness
- Issues with swallowing, breathing , speaking, Heart rate and blood pressure
- CAN RECOVER

OT Role in Guillain Barre Syndrome correct answers - Psychological Support
- Eduction
- Preventative strategies - i.e. stretching
- Programming for increasing movement - pay attention to muscle tightness and fatigue

TAKE IT SLOW - Ensure the patient is working at their MAXIMUM CAPACITY

6 criteria for being diagnosed with Polio correct answers 1) Had polio myelitis
2) Had a period of recovery
3) Gradual / sudden onset of fatigue and weakness
4) Difficulty breathing + swallowing
5)Lasts for greater than a year
6) All other potential causes ruled out

,SYMPTOMS:
- Weak
- fatigued
- Impacts on occupations
- Psychological issues

What are the 6 understandings shared by client and therapists in relation to oedema correct
answers 1) CAUSE
2) HOW did it become chronic?
3) WHEN did it start?
4) EXPECTED course and severity
5) What are the TREATMENT options?
6) How will we IMPLEMENT these into the person's everyday life?

Blood pressure through circulation correct answers 120 mmHg
110mmHg
40 mmHg
35 mmHg
18 mmHg
16 mmHg
12mmHg
2mmHg

Vessel Structure correct answers ARTERIES:
- Smaller in diameter
- Have smooth muscle
- Contractile and elastic
- Red in colour
VEINS:
- greater diameter
- Flattened and thin
- Less smooth tissue
- Have values
- Purple in colour
LYMPHATICS:
- Comparable to veins
- Found in the tissues in greater numbers

Valves and muscle pump correct answers Valves:
- Foldings of tunica intimacy ( endothelial cells)
- Help prevent the back flow of blood and lymph
- More found in lymph and veins (where pressure is low, helps push against gravity)
- Work with Muscle pump

MUSCLE PUMP:

, - Veins and lymph encased within muscles
- Muscles contract and push blood up towards the heart

Capillaries and fluid exchange and Starling's hypothesis correct answers BLOOD
CAPILLARIES:
- Exchange occurs within the tissues , except cartilage and epithelia

LYMPHATICS:
- Large unctions in the single layer endothelial cells
- Originate as terminal lymphatics
- Small filaments attache to surrounding connective tissue

STARLING'S HYPOTHESIS
- Fluid moves from an areas of high fluid pressure to low fluid pressure / an area of low colloid
osmotic pressure to high colloid osmotic pressure

What causes oedema correct answers - An imbalance / disturbance is hydrostatic and osmotic
forces
- Abnormal accumulation of interstitial fluid

CAN BE CAUSED BY:
- increased permeability of capillaries
- Impaired fluid transport (i.e. poor muscle pump, weakened valves)
- Decreased lymph flow

Physiological and clinical effects of oedema correct answers PHYSIOLOGICAL:
- Separation of tissues ( swelling of tissue spaces)
- Poor material exchange due to swelling
- Loss of tissue function
- Swelling of veins and lymphatics
- Valves no longer touch = don't work
- Changes in metabolic function

CLINICAL:
- Swelling (high protein vs low protein swelling)
- Pain and discomfort
- Reduced wound healing
- Skin changes
- Loss of function
- Infection and cellulitis

Different types of Odema correct answers 1) Lymphatic oedema
- Primary ( an individual is born with deficits in their lymph system)
- Secondary

2) Venous oedema

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