NURS 611 Exam Questions With Answers
immunoglobulin associated with asthma - ANSWER- IgE
causes of pre-renal AKI - ANSWER- hypo-perfusion
BUN is higher than plasma creatinine since urea is still reabsorbed
no damage to the kidneys, reversible
ex: dehydration, severe blood loss, heart fa...
NURS 611 Exam Questions With
Answers
immunoglobulin associated with asthma - ANSWER- IgE
causes of pre-renal AKI - ANSWER- hypo-perfusion
BUN is higher than plasma creatinine since urea is still reabsorbed
no damage to the kidneys, reversible
ex: dehydration, severe blood loss, heart failure, cirrhosis, sepsis
a patient has HTN and CKD, spilling out albumin out but have a normal GFR, what
kidney failure stage are they in? - ANSWER- CKD stage 1
characteristics of PCOS - ANSWER- no single factor to cause
most common cause of anovulation, ovulatory dysfunction, and infertility
excess androgens
ovarian follicles do not develop normally
insulin resistance --> glucose intolerance and hyperinsulinemia result
-aggravate the hyperandrogenic state
endometriosis - ANSWER- ectopic functional endometrial tissue
-responds to hormonal fluctuations
common sites: pelvic peritoneum, ovaries
symptoms may vary but commonly include pain and infertility
responds to the hormones of the normal menstrual cycle except that the ectopic tissue
does not respond to progesterone --> bleeding occurs ectopically --> inflammatory
cascade activation --> can end up with fibrotic changes and scarring causing adhesions,
infertility, and pain
HPV - ANSWER- known to cause cervical cancer
transmission via contact of surfaces of infected tissues or fluids after epithelial trauma --
> basal cells of the epithelium are infected --> the HPV virus uses the cell's nuclear
DNA to either cause increased growth that is noncancerous (warts) or uncontrolled
growth (cancer)
some can clear the infection, others cannot
smoking increases risks of persistent infection and later development of cervical cancer
infection with high-risk HPV is a necessary precursor to development of precancerous
dysplasia of the cervix leading to invasive cancer
what is the condition of the urethral meatus when located on the ventral portion of the
penis? - ANSWER- hypospadias
what type of renal injury can occur in BPH - ANSWER- post-renal
obstructive uropathy
, pulmonary embolism findings - ANSWER- partial or full obstruction of the pulmonary
artery
infarction of pulmonary tissue can occur
vasoconstriction-->decreased blood flow to the tissues --> with an increase in
pulmonary artery pressures --> overload the right ventricle --> RV failure
V/Q mismatch occurs at the affected lung tissue along with a decrease in surfactant
production
causes of acute post-streptococcal glomerulonephritis - ANSWER- inflammation of the
glomerulus that occurs due to injury at the glomerulus
immune-mediated
secondary causes: systemic infection
lung cancer associated with tobacco use - ANSWER- small cell lung cancer
what makes PCOS worse? - ANSWER- obesity
can increase the risk of insulin resistance
cause of amenorrhea in a patient with no medical problems - ANSWER- pregnancy
other causes: anovulation, drastic weight loss, PCOS, malnutrition, excess exercise,
hypothyroidism
how to monitor AKI impromvement - ANSWER- urine output
BUN, creatinine, GFR
-no changes in creatinine until more than 50% of GFR is lost
fluid and electrolytes
why do CKD patients have chronic anemia - ANSWER- decreased production of
erythropoietin by the kidneys decreasing the number of RBCs
-less RBCs mean less O2 delivery to the kidneys causing worsening kidney function
uterine fibroids (leiomyomas) - ANSWER- benign smooth muscle tumors of the
myometrium
commonly between age 30-50
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