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NURS 6670 / NURS6670 FINAL EXAM. QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS WITH EXPLANATIONS.

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BIOS 251 Exam 2 Review (Latest ) Questions &
Answers with rationales

BIOS-251: Exam 2 Review

Cell division in which the nucleus divides into nuclei containing the same number
of chromosomes
Mitosis

The resting phase of mitosis. Cell grows, performs its normal functions, and
prepares for division; consists of G1, S, and G2 phases
Interphase

Cells that have left the cycle and cease dividing for a long time (or permanently)
G Zero (G0) Phase

The first gap, or growth phase, of the cell cycle, consisting of the portion of
interphase before DNA synthesis begins.

G1 Phase

The synthesis phase of the cell cycle; the portion of interphase during which DNA
is replicated.

S Phase

The second gap, or growth phase, of the cell cycle, consisting of the portion of
interphase after DNA synthesis occurs.

Growth and preparation for mitosis

G2 Phase

First and longest phase of mitosis, during which the chromosomes become
visible and the centrioles separate and take up positions on the opposite sides
of the nucleus

Prophase

phase of mitosis, during which the chromosomes line up across the center of the
cell
Metaphase

, The third phase of mitosis, during which the chromosome pairs separate and
move toward opposite poles
Anaphase
The final phase of cell division, between anaphase and interphase, in which the
chromatids or chromosomes move to opposite ends of the cell and two nuclei are
formed.

Telophase
Division of the cytoplasm during cell division

Cytokinesis
Cell division that produces reproductive cells (gametes) in sexually reproducing
organisms
Meiosis
Compare and Contrast Mitosis and Meiosis
Mitosis produces two diploid (2n) somatic cells that are genetically identical
to each other and the original parent cell, whereas meiosis produces four
haploid (n) gametes that are genetically unique from each other and the
original parent (germ) cell.
Number of Chromosomes in Humans...
46
Haploid Number of Chromosomes In Humans
23
Control center of the cell; a part of the cell containing DNA and RNA and
responsible for growth and reproduction
Nucleus
Processes and transports proteins made at attached ribosomes; synthesizes
phospholipids
Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum (RER)
Fatty acid and steroid synthesis; detoxifies toxic substances
Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum (SER)
A cell organelle that helps make and package materials to be transported out of
the cell
Golgi Complex
Cell organelle filled with enzymes needed to break down certain materials in the
cell
Lysosomes
Produce hydrogen peroxide, detoxifies harmful substances, oxidizes fatty acids,
and protects cell from free radicals
Peroxisomes
- Hollow, cylindrical organelle that disposes of unnecessary and
damaged proteins
- Contain enzymes that break down tagged, targeted proteins into short
peptides and amino acids
Proteasomes
- Located near the nucleus and help to organize cell division
- Form mitotic spindle during mitosis

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