Biology 121 Final Exam Review Questions and Correct Answers
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Course
BIO 121
Institution
BIO 121
Prokaryotes are classified as belonging to two different domains. What are the domains? Bacteria and Archaea
Life is organized in a hierarchical fashion. Which of the following sequences correctly lists that hieracrchy from least inclusive to most inclusive? molecule, organelle, cell, tissue, orga...
Biology 121 Final Exam Review
Questions and Correct Answers
Prokaryotes are classified as belonging to two different domains. What are the
domains? ✅Bacteria and Archaea
Life is organized in a hierarchical fashion. Which of the following sequences correctly
lists that hieracrchy from least inclusive to most inclusive? ✅molecule, organelle, cell,
tissue, organ, organsystem, organism, population, community, ecosystem
About twenty-five of the ninety-two natural elements are known to be essential to life.
Which four of these twenty-five elements make up approximately 96 percent of living
matter? ✅carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen, oxygen
The application of scientific knowledge for some specific purpose is known as
____________. ✅technology
Lactose, a sugar in milk, is composed of one glucose molecule joined by a glycosidic
linkage to one galactose molecule. How is lactose classified? ✅as a disaccharide
How does a scientific theory differ from a scientific hypothesis? ✅Theories are usually
an explanation for a more general phenomenon; hypotheses typically address more
specific issues.
A covalent chemical bond is one in which __________. ✅outer-shell electrons of two
atoms are shared so as to satisfactorily fill their respective orbitals
How do phospholipids interact with water molecules? ✅The polar heads interact with
water; the nonpolar tails do not.
Water has many exceptional and useful properties. Which is the rarest property among
compounds? ✅Solid water is less dense than liquid water.
Hydrophobic substances such as vegetable oil are ______. ✅nonpolar substances
that repel water molecules
Steroids are considered to be lipids because they ______. ✅are not soluble in water
The partial negative charge at one end of a water molecule is attracted to the partial
positive charge of another water molecule. What is this attraction called? ✅a hydrogen
bond
, Which of these provides evidence of common ancestry of all life? ✅near universality of
the genetic code
What is the difference between covalent bonds and ionic bonds? ✅Covalent bonds
include the sharing of electrons between atoms; ionic bonds involve the electrical
attraction between charged atoms.
How many electrons pairs does carbon share to complete its valence shell? ✅4
Which of these is an example of inductive reasoning? ✅Hundreds of individuals of a
species have been observed and all are photosynthetic; therefore, the species is
photosynthetic.
Proteins cannot be denatured by ✅freezing
Phospholipids and triglycerides both ______. ✅have a glycerol backbone
Nitrogen is more electronegative than hydrogen. Which of the following is a correct
statement about the atoms in ammonia? ✅Each hydrogen atom has a partial positive
charge; the nitrogen atom has a partial negative charge.
Bonds between two atoms that are equally electronegative are _______. ✅nonpolar
covalent bonds
Why are hydrocarbons insoluble in water? ✅The majority of their bonds are nonpolar
covalent carbon-to-hydrogen linkages.
Why is carbon so important in biology? ✅It can form a variety of carbon skeletons and
host functional groups.
What component of amino acid structure varies among different amino acids? ✅the
components of the R-group
Which level of protein structure do the alpha helix and the beta pleated sheet
represent? ✅secondary
Which of the following is the best explanation for why vegetable oil is a liquid at room
temperature while animal fats are solid? ✅Vegetable oil has more double bonds than
animal fats.
Which of the following best summarizes the relationshi[ between dehydration reactions
and hydrolysis? ✅Dehydration reactions assemble polymers; hydrolysis reactions
break polymers apart.
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