Package deal
Complete BIO 121 Q&A Bundle
Conquer BIO 121 with Our Complete Q&A Bundle!
[Show more]Conquer BIO 121 with Our Complete Q&A Bundle!
[Show more]The early earth's atmosphere had almost no free oxygen (O2). Now it is almost 20% O2. Where did all this O2 come from? Photosynthesis 
Endocytosis and exocytosis are important for what? Endocytosis- vesicle pinches inward and moves a bubble of solutes into cells, membrane dissolves in cell and free...
Preview 1 out of 4 pages
Add to cartThe early earth's atmosphere had almost no free oxygen (O2). Now it is almost 20% O2. Where did all this O2 come from? Photosynthesis 
Endocytosis and exocytosis are important for what? Endocytosis- vesicle pinches inward and moves a bubble of solutes into cells, membrane dissolves in cell and free...
What does Descent with Modification mean? Passing of traits from parents to offspring 
What is evolution? Change over time 
How are genes involved in natural selection? genetic mutations that are beneficial to an individual's survival are passed on through reproduction 
Who contributed to the main ...
Preview 2 out of 8 pages
Add to cartWhat does Descent with Modification mean? Passing of traits from parents to offspring 
What is evolution? Change over time 
How are genes involved in natural selection? genetic mutations that are beneficial to an individual's survival are passed on through reproduction 
Who contributed to the main ...
Lamarck's hypothesis of "inheritance of acquired characteristics". an individual adapts in its lifetime, and that this adaptation is passed on to the next generation. 
the various example of inspiration that led Darwin to develop his idea Extinct glyptodons (giant armadillo) and modern-day armadi...
Preview 2 out of 9 pages
Add to cartLamarck's hypothesis of "inheritance of acquired characteristics". an individual adapts in its lifetime, and that this adaptation is passed on to the next generation. 
the various example of inspiration that led Darwin to develop his idea Extinct glyptodons (giant armadillo) and modern-day armadi...
Actin A globular protein that links into chains, two of which twist helically about each other, forming microfilaments (actin filaments) in muscle and other kinds of cells. 
Active transport The movement of a substance across a cell membrane, with an expenditure of energy, against its concentration ...
Preview 2 out of 8 pages
Add to cartActin A globular protein that links into chains, two of which twist helically about each other, forming microfilaments (actin filaments) in muscle and other kinds of cells. 
Active transport The movement of a substance across a cell membrane, with an expenditure of energy, against its concentration ...
Gene pool all of the alleles of all the genes in a certain population 
Hardy-weinberg principle genotype frequencies in a large population do not change from generation to generation in the absence of evolutionary processes 
Claims of hardy-weinberg principle (1) if the frequencies of alleles a1 and...
Preview 2 out of 10 pages
Add to cartGene pool all of the alleles of all the genes in a certain population 
Hardy-weinberg principle genotype frequencies in a large population do not change from generation to generation in the absence of evolutionary processes 
Claims of hardy-weinberg principle (1) if the frequencies of alleles a1 and...
Prokaryotes are classified as belonging to two different domains. What are the domains? Bacteria and Archaea 
Life is organized in a hierarchical fashion. Which of the following sequences correctly lists that hieracrchy from least inclusive to most inclusive? molecule, organelle, cell, tissue, organ...
Preview 2 out of 8 pages
Add to cartProkaryotes are classified as belonging to two different domains. What are the domains? Bacteria and Archaea 
Life is organized in a hierarchical fashion. Which of the following sequences correctly lists that hieracrchy from least inclusive to most inclusive? molecule, organelle, cell, tissue, organ...
What process is most directly driven by light energy? Removal of electrons from chlorophyll molecules 
True or False: plants require no more than energy and a carbon source to make their food False 
Which color has the greatest energy? Blue 
A pigment absorbs a photon only if the energy of the photo...
Preview 1 out of 4 pages
Add to cartWhat process is most directly driven by light energy? Removal of electrons from chlorophyll molecules 
True or False: plants require no more than energy and a carbon source to make their food False 
Which color has the greatest energy? Blue 
A pigment absorbs a photon only if the energy of the photo...
Metabolism the entirety of an organism's chemical reactions 
Metabolic pathway starts with starting molecule, reaction occurs with catalyst to create new molecule, happens more until end product is made 
Catabolic pathway releases energy by breaking down complex molecules into simpler compounds 
An...
Preview 2 out of 10 pages
Add to cartMetabolism the entirety of an organism's chemical reactions 
Metabolic pathway starts with starting molecule, reaction occurs with catalyst to create new molecule, happens more until end product is made 
Catabolic pathway releases energy by breaking down complex molecules into simpler compounds 
An...
Which is the correct sequence of increasing organization? 
"Molecule, cell, organelle, organ" 
"Organelle, tissue, cell, organ" 
"Atom, molecule, tissue, cell" 
"Organ, tissue, cell, molecule" 
"Cell, tissue, organ, organ system" Cell, tissue, organ, organ system 
Choose the correct pathwa...
Preview 4 out of 42 pages
Add to cartWhich is the correct sequence of increasing organization? 
"Molecule, cell, organelle, organ" 
"Organelle, tissue, cell, organ" 
"Atom, molecule, tissue, cell" 
"Organ, tissue, cell, molecule" 
"Cell, tissue, organ, organ system" Cell, tissue, organ, organ system 
Choose the correct pathwa...
One of the major functions of the plasma membrane is to control what enters and leaves a cell. 
Which of the following would directly supply energy to an active carrier protein? ATP 
Hikers can detect a dead skunk along a trail long before they actually see it. What process allows the scent of the s...
Preview 1 out of 3 pages
Add to cartOne of the major functions of the plasma membrane is to control what enters and leaves a cell. 
Which of the following would directly supply energy to an active carrier protein? ATP 
Hikers can detect a dead skunk along a trail long before they actually see it. What process allows the scent of the s...
The cardiovascular reflexes are based in the medulla oblongata. 
The narrow passageways that contain cytoplasmic extensions of osteocytes are called canaliculi. 
The molecule H2 is known as hydrogen. 
The triplet codes needed to specify a specific protein are found in the gene. 
A cell with many mit...
Preview 2 out of 11 pages
Add to cartThe cardiovascular reflexes are based in the medulla oblongata. 
The narrow passageways that contain cytoplasmic extensions of osteocytes are called canaliculi. 
The molecule H2 is known as hydrogen. 
The triplet codes needed to specify a specific protein are found in the gene. 
A cell with many mit...
Binary fission a method of asexual reproduction; "division in half"; involves mitosis in eukaryotes 
Mitosis a process of nuclear division in eukaryotes 
What are the 5 stages of Mitosis? 1. Prophase 2. Prometaphase 3. metaphase 4. anaphase 5. telophase 
Meiosis A modified type of cell division in...
Preview 2 out of 9 pages
Add to cartBinary fission a method of asexual reproduction; "division in half"; involves mitosis in eukaryotes 
Mitosis a process of nuclear division in eukaryotes 
What are the 5 stages of Mitosis? 1. Prophase 2. Prometaphase 3. metaphase 4. anaphase 5. telophase 
Meiosis A modified type of cell division in...
Which of the following are true concerning the Healthy People program? Select all that apply. A. Government sponsored program to improve the nation's health B. Reviews and updates the Nutrition Facts labels C. The program is updated every 10 years D. An objective and goal of the program is to encou...
Preview 1 out of 3 pages
Add to cartWhich of the following are true concerning the Healthy People program? Select all that apply. A. Government sponsored program to improve the nation's health B. Reviews and updates the Nutrition Facts labels C. The program is updated every 10 years D. An objective and goal of the program is to encou...
When (roughly) did the first oxygen-producing bacteria evolve on earth? As long as 3.5 billion years ago and certainly by 2.7 billion years ago. 
How do scientists today measure the CO2 in the earth's atmosphere over the most recent million years or so? Ice-core data before 1958. Mauna Loa data aft...
Preview 2 out of 6 pages
Add to cartWhen (roughly) did the first oxygen-producing bacteria evolve on earth? As long as 3.5 billion years ago and certainly by 2.7 billion years ago. 
How do scientists today measure the CO2 in the earth's atmosphere over the most recent million years or so? Ice-core data before 1958. Mauna Loa data aft...
Bacteria prokaryotes that are members of the domain Bacteria, one of the three domains of living organisms; only distantly related to members of the domain Archaea. 
Basal body a structure derived from a centriole that produces a cilium or flagellum and anchors this structure within the plasma membr...
Preview 1 out of 4 pages
Add to cartBacteria prokaryotes that are members of the domain Bacteria, one of the three domains of living organisms; only distantly related to members of the domain Archaea. 
Basal body a structure derived from a centriole that produces a cilium or flagellum and anchors this structure within the plasma membr...
What is another name for a condensation reaction? dehydration 
What is the name of the process during which a bond between two monomers is broken? hydrolysis 
Carbohydrate polymers are made up of __________ monomers. simple sugar 
Protein polymers are made up of ________ monomers. amino acid 
Nuclei...
Preview 1 out of 4 pages
Add to cartWhat is another name for a condensation reaction? dehydration 
What is the name of the process during which a bond between two monomers is broken? hydrolysis 
Carbohydrate polymers are made up of __________ monomers. simple sugar 
Protein polymers are made up of ________ monomers. amino acid 
Nuclei...
Functions of plasma membrane -separate 2 aqueous environments - regulate the passage of materials between the two aqueous environments - serve as the site for various biochemical functions - allow communication between cells - create attachments within and between cells 
Phospholipids responsible fo...
Preview 1 out of 2 pages
Add to cartFunctions of plasma membrane -separate 2 aqueous environments - regulate the passage of materials between the two aqueous environments - serve as the site for various biochemical functions - allow communication between cells - create attachments within and between cells 
Phospholipids responsible fo...
Respiration Breakdown of fuel (food) molecules to release energy; ALL living organisms do this 
Photosynthesis Using sunlight energy and atmospheric CO2 to make food molecules; Autotrophs 
Photosynthesis equation Energy+ 6CO2+ 6H2O= C6H12O6+ 6O2; reverse of respiration; synthesizes carbohydrates 
Wh...
Preview 2 out of 8 pages
Add to cartRespiration Breakdown of fuel (food) molecules to release energy; ALL living organisms do this 
Photosynthesis Using sunlight energy and atmospheric CO2 to make food molecules; Autotrophs 
Photosynthesis equation Energy+ 6CO2+ 6H2O= C6H12O6+ 6O2; reverse of respiration; synthesizes carbohydrates 
Wh...
1. Formed by the end of week 8 
2. Allows for the transfer of waste products 
3. formed following a period of rapid cell division 
4. Union of an egg and sperm 1. Fetus 
2. Placenta 
3. Embryo 
4. Zygote 
 
Briefly explain why an infant would be considered preterm. An infant born prior to 37 weeks o...
Preview 1 out of 3 pages
Add to cart1. Formed by the end of week 8 
2. Allows for the transfer of waste products 
3. formed following a period of rapid cell division 
4. Union of an egg and sperm 1. Fetus 
2. Placenta 
3. Embryo 
4. Zygote 
 
Briefly explain why an infant would be considered preterm. An infant born prior to 37 weeks o...
What is a nucleosome made of? Eight histone proteins and two rounds of DNA double helix wrapping around those eight histone proteins 
What are the names of the histone proteins? H2a, H2b, H3, and H4 (two of each) 
What cells have a nucleosome? Eukaryotic cells 
What phase is interphase in? mitotic p...
Preview 2 out of 5 pages
Add to cartWhat is a nucleosome made of? Eight histone proteins and two rounds of DNA double helix wrapping around those eight histone proteins 
What are the names of the histone proteins? H2a, H2b, H3, and H4 (two of each) 
What cells have a nucleosome? Eukaryotic cells 
What phase is interphase in? mitotic p...
A covalent chemical bond is one in which ... Outer - shell electrons of two atoms are shared to satisfactory fill the valence 
Difference between covalent bonds and ionic bonds Covalent bonds involve the sharing of bonds between atoms. Ionic bonds are electrical attraction - positively and negativel...
Preview 2 out of 6 pages
Add to cartA covalent chemical bond is one in which ... Outer - shell electrons of two atoms are shared to satisfactory fill the valence 
Difference between covalent bonds and ionic bonds Covalent bonds involve the sharing of bonds between atoms. Ionic bonds are electrical attraction - positively and negativel...
Environmental Science The scientific study of how the natural world works, how our environment affects us, and how we affect our environment 
Natural Resources the goods provided by the environment. Can be renewable or nonrenewable 
Ecosystem Services natural systems provided by the environment 
Eco...
Preview 2 out of 11 pages
Add to cartEnvironmental Science The scientific study of how the natural world works, how our environment affects us, and how we affect our environment 
Natural Resources the goods provided by the environment. Can be renewable or nonrenewable 
Ecosystem Services natural systems provided by the environment 
Eco...
Ecology is the study of the structure, function, and interactions among natural systems in the biosphere. 
Abiotic factors are non-living physical conditions such as weather, climate, geological characteristics and phenomena, and geographical structure. Biotic factors are those 'living' characteri...
Preview 2 out of 12 pages
Add to cartEcology is the study of the structure, function, and interactions among natural systems in the biosphere. 
Abiotic factors are non-living physical conditions such as weather, climate, geological characteristics and phenomena, and geographical structure. Biotic factors are those 'living' characteri...
What are the characteristics of life? organization, metabolism, responsiveness, growth, development, reproduction 
What are the levels of biological organization molecules-Organelles-cells-tissue-organs and organ systems-organisms-populations-communities-Ecosystems-The biosphere 
Biotic Vs. Abiotic ...
Preview 2 out of 8 pages
Add to cartWhat are the characteristics of life? organization, metabolism, responsiveness, growth, development, reproduction 
What are the levels of biological organization molecules-Organelles-cells-tissue-organs and organ systems-organisms-populations-communities-Ecosystems-The biosphere 
Biotic Vs. Abiotic ...
Dye injected into a plant cell might be able to enter an adjacent cell through _________________. 
 
A. Plasmodesmata 
B. Tight Junctions 
C. Gap Junctions 
D. Desmosomes 
E. Magic A. Plasmodesmata 
 
Which of the following is NOT part of the endomembrane system? 
 
A. Golgi Apparatus 
B. Rough Endo...
Preview 2 out of 5 pages
Add to cartDye injected into a plant cell might be able to enter an adjacent cell through _________________. 
 
A. Plasmodesmata 
B. Tight Junctions 
C. Gap Junctions 
D. Desmosomes 
E. Magic A. Plasmodesmata 
 
Which of the following is NOT part of the endomembrane system? 
 
A. Golgi Apparatus 
B. Rough Endo...
7 characteristics of all living organisms 1.)Cellular organization 2.)Ordered complexity 3.)Sensitivity 4.)Growth, development, and reproduction 5.)Energy utilization 6.)Homeostasis 7.)Evolutionary adaptation 
Cellular Level Atoms, molecules, organelles, and cells. Cell is the Basic unit of life. 
O...
Preview 2 out of 5 pages
Add to cart7 characteristics of all living organisms 1.)Cellular organization 2.)Ordered complexity 3.)Sensitivity 4.)Growth, development, and reproduction 5.)Energy utilization 6.)Homeostasis 7.)Evolutionary adaptation 
Cellular Level Atoms, molecules, organelles, and cells. Cell is the Basic unit of life. 
O...
Selectively Permeable membrane allows the passage of some materials but not others 
Phospholipid Bilayer made up by the hydrophobic/philic "tails" and "heads" 
Functions of Membrane Proteins transport enzymes receptors recognition adhesion attachment to the cytoskeleton 
Diffusion the net moveme...
Preview 1 out of 4 pages
Add to cartSelectively Permeable membrane allows the passage of some materials but not others 
Phospholipid Bilayer made up by the hydrophobic/philic "tails" and "heads" 
Functions of Membrane Proteins transport enzymes receptors recognition adhesion attachment to the cytoskeleton 
Diffusion the net moveme...
Stuvia customers have reviewed more than 700,000 summaries. This how you know that you are buying the best documents.
You can quickly pay through credit card or Stuvia-credit for the summaries. There is no membership needed.
Your fellow students write the study notes themselves, which is why the documents are always reliable and up-to-date. This ensures you quickly get to the core!
You get a PDF, available immediately after your purchase. The purchased document is accessible anytime, anywhere and indefinitely through your profile.
Our satisfaction guarantee ensures that you always find a study document that suits you well. You fill out a form, and our customer service team takes care of the rest.
Stuvia is a marketplace, so you are not buying this document from us, but from seller twishfrancis. Stuvia facilitates payment to the seller.
No, you only buy these notes for $45.49. You're not tied to anything after your purchase.
4.6 stars on Google & Trustpilot (+1000 reviews)
83637 documents were sold in the last 30 days
Founded in 2010, the go-to place to buy study notes for 14 years now