Biology 121 Chapter 4 Review Questions and Correct Answers
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Course
BIO 121
Institution
BIO 121
Bacteria prokaryotes that are members of the domain Bacteria, one of the three domains of living organisms; only distantly related to members of the domain Archaea.
Basal body a structure derived from a centriole that produces a cilium or flagellum and anchors this structure within the plasma memb...
Biology 121 Chapter 4 Review Questions
and Correct Answers
Bacteria ✅prokaryotes that are members of the domain Bacteria, one of the three
domains of living organisms; only distantly related to members of the domain Archaea.
Basal body ✅a structure derived from a centriole that produces a cilium or flagellum
and anchors this structure within the plasma membrane.
Cell theory ✅the scientific theory stating that every living organism is made up of one
or more cells; cells are the functional units of all organisms; and all cells arise from
preexisting cells.
Cell wall ✅a layer of material, normally made up of cellulose or cellulose-like materials,
that is outside the plasma membrane of plants, fungi, bacteria, and some protists.
Central vacuole ✅a large, fluid-filled vacuole occupying most of the volume of many
plant cells; performs several functions, including maintaining turgor pressure.
Centriole ✅in animal cells, a short, barrel-shaped ring consisting of nine microtubule
triplets; a pair of centrioles is found near the nucleus and may play a role in the
organization of the spindle; centrioles also give rise to the basal bodies at the base of
each cilium and flagellum that give rise to the microtubules of cilia and flagella.
Chrophyll ✅a pigment found in chloroplasts that captures light energy during
photosynthesis; chlorophyll absorbs violet, blue, and red light but reflects green light.
Chloroplast ✅the organelle in plants and plantlike protists that is the site of
photosynthesis; surrounded by a double membrane and containing an extensive
internal membrane system that bears chlorophyll.
Chromatin ✅the complex of DNA and proteins that makes up eukaryotic
chromosomes.
Chromosome ✅a DNA double helix together with proteins that help to organize and
regulate the use of the DNA.
Cilium ✅a short, hair-like projection from the surface of certain eukaryotic cells that
contains microtubules in a 9 + 2 arrangement. The movement of cilia may propel cells
through a fluid medium or move fluids over a stationary surface layer of cells.
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