CARD Exam 1 BCAT Graded A+

CARD Exam 1 BCAT Graded A+ Applied Behavior Analysis (ABA) 1. ABA This stands for Applied Behavior Analysis, a therapeutic approach that focuses on improving specific behaviors through systematic interventions. 2. Core Principles of ABA The fundamental idea is that desirable consequences lead to an increase in behaviors, while undesirable consequences result in a decrease in those behaviors. 3. Three-Term Contingency This framework consists of three components: Antecedent (what happens before a behavior), Behavior (the action performed), and Consequence (what occurs after the behavior). 4. Behavior Analysis This is the scientific study of the principles that govern behavior. 5. Behavior This term refers to any action or statement made by an individual. 6. Stimulus A stimulus is any physical object or event that can be perceived through the senses (sight, sound, smell, taste, or touch). 7. Environment This encompasses all factors and stimuli that impact the behavior of an organism. 8. Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) ASD is a pervasive developmental disorder that significantly affects a person's abilities across various domains. 9. Three Primary Areas of ASD ASD is characterized by challenges in social communication, difficulties in social interactions, and the presence of restrictive or repetitive behaviors or interests. 10. Diagnosis of ASD Diagnosis is typically made before age 3, based on the impact of symptoms, which cannot be better explained by other conditions. 11. Goal for Treatment of ASD The primary objective is to maximize each learner's strengths. 12. EIBI Stands for Early Intensive Behavioral Intervention, an early intervention program focusing on the use of ABA techniques. 13. Skill Repertoire Building This involves teaching and learning new skills to strengthen and expand an individual's existing skill set. 14. Three Prominent Behavioral Teaching Approaches - Discrete Trial Training (DTT) - Natural Environment Training (NET) - Fluency-Based Instruction (FBI) 15. Discrete Trial A structured teaching method characterized by clear and direct presentations of learning trials designed to promote skill acquisition. 16. Natural Environment Training (NET) This is a teaching strategy that employs naturalistic settings to facilitate learning. 17. Fluency-Based Instruction (FBI) This focuses on enhancing the accuracy and speed of a skill to develop overall competency. 18. Primary Reinforcer An innately reinforcing stimulus that satisfies a biological need, such as food or drink. 19. Secondary Reinforcer A reinforcer that an individual has learned to appreciate, like games, coloring activities, or puzzles. 20. Reinforcer This is presented after a behavior in response to a specific discriminative stimulus (SD), enhancing the likelihood of that behavior being repeated. 21. Preference Assessment A process aimed at identifying an individual’s preferred items, which can be used as rewards or potential reinforcers for desired behaviors. 22. Forced/Paired Preference Assessment In this method, the learner is presented with two options to determine which they prefer. New options can be provided if there is no interest in the first pair. 23. Multiple Stimulus Assessment An approach where an array of potential reinforcers is shown to the individual to gauge preferences. Prompts and Prompting Techniques 24. Prompts Prompts are cues that urge an action and are presented when the SD is given. 25. Prompt Fading This involves gradually reducing assistance to the least invasive prompt possible. 26. Prompt Dependency