CHA 2 EXAM 1 REVIEW (RENAL, GI, LIVER, PANCREAS/APPENDIX) Questions And Answers
5 views 0 purchase
Course
CHA 2
Institution
CHA 2
Pre-renal failure causes - ANS hypovolemia
hemorrhage
shock
cardiac tamponade
renal artery stenosis
What is pre-renal failure - ANS Blood can't get to the kidneys due too:
->Hypotension
->Decrease HR occurs (arrhythmias)
->Hypovolemic
->Any form of shock
...
What is pre-renal failure - ANS Blood can't get to the kidneys due too:
->Hypotension
->Decrease HR occurs (arrhythmias)
->Hypovolemic
->Any form of shock
pre renal failure treatment - ANS Vasopressin
IV fluids
Diuretics
hemodialysis
initiating phase of renal failure - ANS initial insult to the kidneys; patient is hypotensive
what can lead to the initiating phase of renal failure - ANS hemorrhage
nephrotoxic drugs
contrast media
acute obstruction
electrolyte imbalances during the oliguric phase - ANS increased K+
increased Na+
decreased Ca+
increased PO4-
creatine and BUN levels - ANS 0.96-1.16
9-20
What happens when aldosterone is released - ANS increased Na+ retention leads to H2O
retention, resulting in urine conservation and decreased UO to increase the BP
urine may appear orange and have a high specific gravity with scant Na+ in urine
high levels of Na+ in the circulating blood
what happens when the RAAS is activated - ANS vasoconstriction
urine conservation
aldosterone is released
metabolic acidosis
what happens during the oliguric phase - ANS RAAS activated
electrolyte imbalances
hematologic
decreased Ca+
increased PO4-
acetemia
acetemia - ANS increase in nitrogenous waste
increased BUN>20
increased creat>1.16
during this phase of renal failure, your patient has over 100 mL of urine per hour, and their lab
values indicate hypokalemia and hyponatremia. what phase of renal failure are they in? - ANS
diuretic
What is the priority intervention during the diuretic phase of renal failure - ANS replenish
fluids and closely monitor electrolytes
, what are the electrolyte imbalances during the diuretic phase - ANS decreased Na+
decreased K+
Diet/nutrition for patient with acute renal failure - ANS High calorie
low Na+
limit K+
low PO4- (monitor dairy intake)
NO/limited K, PO4, Na+, Protein!
tight fluid control
what medications should you monitor for a patient with acute renal failure - ANS ACE
inhibitors
ARB's
Digoxin (dig toxicity**)
heparin (can decrease doseage)
analgesic
NSAIDs
opioids
signs of dig toxicity - ANS --n/v
--anorexia
--visual problems
--restlessness
--H/A
--cardiac dysrhythmias
--pulse < 60 bpm
peds: rubbing eyes; looking at lights
why do you want to restrict/limit the amount of protein in a patient with acute renal failure - ANS
increased protein breakdown leads to increased ammonia, increased BUN/creat levels and
proteinuria
what diagnostic studies would you expect for a patient in acute renal failure - ANS
urinalysis
renal ultrasound
CT/MRI
H/H
electrolytes/metabolic panel
range for specific gravity - ANS 1.002-1.03
is this value high/normal/low for specific gravity:
1.045 - ANS high
The benefits of buying summaries with Stuvia:
Guaranteed quality through customer reviews
Stuvia customers have reviewed more than 700,000 summaries. This how you know that you are buying the best documents.
Quick and easy check-out
You can quickly pay through credit card or Stuvia-credit for the summaries. There is no membership needed.
Focus on what matters
Your fellow students write the study notes themselves, which is why the documents are always reliable and up-to-date. This ensures you quickly get to the core!
Frequently asked questions
What do I get when I buy this document?
You get a PDF, available immediately after your purchase. The purchased document is accessible anytime, anywhere and indefinitely through your profile.
Satisfaction guarantee: how does it work?
Our satisfaction guarantee ensures that you always find a study document that suits you well. You fill out a form, and our customer service team takes care of the rest.
Who am I buying these notes from?
Stuvia is a marketplace, so you are not buying this document from us, but from seller DocLaura. Stuvia facilitates payment to the seller.
Will I be stuck with a subscription?
No, you only buy these notes for $10.39. You're not tied to anything after your purchase.
