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CONGENITAL HEART DISEASE Question and answers 100% correct 2024
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CONGENITAL HEART DISEASE Question and answers 100% correct 2024 CONGENITAL HEART DISEASE (CHD) - correct answer Anatomic defects of the heart prevent normal blood flow to the pulmonary and/or systemic system. Defects - correct answer are categorized by blood flow patterns in the heart ...

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  • August 22, 2024
  • 17
  • 2024/2025
  • Exam (elaborations)
  • Questions & answers

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  • CCC2 PRN 1178
  • CCC2 PRN 1178

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CONGENITAL HEART DISEASE (CHD)
CONGENITAL HEART DISEASE (CHD) - correct answer ✔Anatomic
defects of the heart prevent normal blood flow to the pulmonary and/or
systemic system.


Defects - correct answer ✔are categorized by blood flow patterns in the
heart


Defect: Increased pulmonary blood flow - correct answer ✔ASD, VSD, PDA


Defect: Decreased pulmonary blood flow - correct answer ✔Tetralogy of
Fallot, tricuspid atresia


Defect: Obstruction to blood flow - correct answer ✔coarctation of the aorta,
pulmonary stenosis, aortic stenosis


Defect: Mixed blood flow - correct answer ✔transposition of the great
arteries, truncus arteriosus, hypoplastic left heart syndrome


Risk Factors: Maternal Factors - correct answer ✔■ Infection
■ Alcohol and/or other substance abuse during pregnancy
■ Diabetes mellitus


Risk Factors: Genetic factors - correct answer ✔■ History of congenital heart
disease in other family members
■ Certain syndromes such as Trisomy 21 (Down syndrome)
■ Presence of other congenital anomalies or chromosomal abnormalities

,Ventricular septal defect (VSD) - correct answer ✔a hole in the septum
between the right and left ventricle that results in increased pulmonary blood
flow (left-to-right shunt)


Ventricular septal defect (VSD) Manifestations - correct answer ✔› Loud,
harsh murmur auscultated at the left sternal border
› Heart failure
› Many VSDs close spontaneously


Atrial septal defect (ASD) - correct answer ✔a hole in the septum between
the right and left atria that results in increased pulmonary blood flow (left-to-
right shunt)


Atrial septal defect (ASD) Manifestations - correct answer ✔› Loud, harsh
murmur with a fixed split second heart sound
› Heart failure
› Asymptomatic (possibly)


Patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) - correct answer ✔a condition in which the
normal fetal circulation conduit between the pulmonary artery and the aorta
fails to close and results in increased pulmonary blood flow (left-to-right shunt)


Patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) Manifestations - correct answer ✔› Murmur
(machine hum)
› Wide pulse pressure
› Bounding pulses
› Asymptomatic (possibly)
› Heart failure

, Pulmonary stenosis - correct answer ✔a narrowing of the pulmonary valve or
pulmonary artery that results in obstruction of blood flow from the ventricles


Pulmonary stenosis Manifestations - correct answer ✔› Systolic ejection
murmur
› Asymptomatic (possibly)
› Cyanosis varies with defect, worse with severe narrowing
› Cardiomegaly
› Heart failure


Aortic stenosis - correct answer ✔a narrowing of the aortic valve


Aortic stenosis Manifestations - correct answer ✔› Infants: Faint pulses,
Hypotension, Tachycardia, Poor feeding tolerance


› Children: Intolerance to exercise, Dizziness, Chest pain, Possible ejection
murmur


Coarctation of the aorta - correct answer ✔a narrowing of the lumen of the
aorta, usually at or near the ductus arteriosus, that results in obstruction of
blood flow from the ventricle


Coarctation of the aorta Manifestations - correct answer ✔› Elevated blood
pressure in the arms
› Bounding pulses in the upper extremities
› Decreased blood pressure in the lower extremities
› Cool skin of lower extremities

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