Unit 2: Innate Immunity || with Accurate Answers 100%.
-Skin, mucous membranes
-Physical
-Chemical
-Biological correct answers Name the aspects of anatomical barriers
-Humoral (substances in the blood)
-Cellular (cells) correct answers Name the aspects of innate immune system
-Humoral (substances in the blood)
-Cellular (cells) correct answers Name the aspects of adaptive immune system
Anatomical barriers correct answers -Aspects of our biology that inherently protect us from
infection
-Mostly present at birth; some systems get tougher with age
-Also an "innate immune system"
-Best defense: never let them get inside
-Tightly packed, dead epithelial cells
-Dry
-Constantly sloughing off outer layer of dead skin cells (mechanical removal)
-Large amounts of keratin, a tough/durable protein correct answers What aspects of the skin
make it an effective defensive barrier?
mucous membranes correct answers Anatomical barriers (physical): __________
_____________:
-Epithelium lining GI, respiratory, genitourinary tracts
-Secretes __________: glycoprotein that keeps membrane moist
-Thin layer of dead cells
-More vulnerable to attack
-Most infections occur through it
prevent microbes from gaining access correct answers Anatomical barriers (physical): other
defenses of mucous membranes: Barriers
prevents food from entering respiratory tract correct answers Anatomical barriers (physical):
other defenses of mucous membranes: epiglottis
filters incoming air, removes microbes correct answers Anatomical barriers (physical): other
defenses of mucous membranes: nose hair
don't give them a chance to multiply correct answers Anatomical barriers (physical): other
defenses of mucous membranes: Mechanical removal of microbes
-Mechanical removal: tears constantly wash surface of eye water, mucus, lipids
, -Drain into nose/throat
-Irritation increases tear production (mostly water) correct answers Anatomical barriers
(physical): lacrimal apparatus
-Mechanical removal: mucus produced n lungs trap most bacteria
-Removed by ciliated epithelium: ciliary escalator moves trapped bacteria up and out;
sneezing/coughing also removes mucus correct answers Anatomical barriers (physical):
respiratory tract
-Mechanical removal: saliva keeps mouth moist, washes bacteria off surfaces
-Peristalsis keeps substances moving along
-Defecation removes materials from intestines; infecting bacteria must find spot to attach or will
simply pass through us correct answers Anatomical barriers (physical): GI tract
-Mechanical removal: urination washes unattached bacteria away
-Vaginal secretions move unwanted microbes out correct answers Anatomical barriers
(physical): genitourinary tract
-Antibacterial enzyme
-Digests peptidoglycan cell walls
-Found in sweat, saliva, tears correct answers Lysozyme
-Yes
-Short fatty acids that are toxic to most microbes
-Produced by glands on skin correct answers Are skin oils protective?
-Gastric acid in stomach = very acidic
-Kills most bacteria correct answers Anatomical barriers (chemical): acidity
-Small antibacterial proteins
-Found in sebum, saliva, tears, mucus in lungs correct answers Anatomical barriers (chemical):
defensins
Increases risk of infection b/c acid kills most bacteria correct answers Why are acid blockers a
potential problem for infections?
-Block attachments: take up available sites
-Inhospitable environment: use up available nutrients/resources; produces antibacterial chemicals
-Change environment → lactic acid bacteria in vagina correct answers How do resident intestinal
bacteria protect against infection?
No correct answers Do anatomical barriers require any prior exposure to a pathogen to protect
against it?
-Hereditary defensive system
-In place at birth
-Skin, mucous membranes
-Physical
-Chemical
-Biological correct answers Name the aspects of anatomical barriers
-Humoral (substances in the blood)
-Cellular (cells) correct answers Name the aspects of innate immune system
-Humoral (substances in the blood)
-Cellular (cells) correct answers Name the aspects of adaptive immune system
Anatomical barriers correct answers -Aspects of our biology that inherently protect us from
infection
-Mostly present at birth; some systems get tougher with age
-Also an "innate immune system"
-Best defense: never let them get inside
-Tightly packed, dead epithelial cells
-Dry
-Constantly sloughing off outer layer of dead skin cells (mechanical removal)
-Large amounts of keratin, a tough/durable protein correct answers What aspects of the skin
make it an effective defensive barrier?
mucous membranes correct answers Anatomical barriers (physical): __________
_____________:
-Epithelium lining GI, respiratory, genitourinary tracts
-Secretes __________: glycoprotein that keeps membrane moist
-Thin layer of dead cells
-More vulnerable to attack
-Most infections occur through it
prevent microbes from gaining access correct answers Anatomical barriers (physical): other
defenses of mucous membranes: Barriers
prevents food from entering respiratory tract correct answers Anatomical barriers (physical):
other defenses of mucous membranes: epiglottis
filters incoming air, removes microbes correct answers Anatomical barriers (physical): other
defenses of mucous membranes: nose hair
don't give them a chance to multiply correct answers Anatomical barriers (physical): other
defenses of mucous membranes: Mechanical removal of microbes
-Mechanical removal: tears constantly wash surface of eye water, mucus, lipids
, -Drain into nose/throat
-Irritation increases tear production (mostly water) correct answers Anatomical barriers
(physical): lacrimal apparatus
-Mechanical removal: mucus produced n lungs trap most bacteria
-Removed by ciliated epithelium: ciliary escalator moves trapped bacteria up and out;
sneezing/coughing also removes mucus correct answers Anatomical barriers (physical):
respiratory tract
-Mechanical removal: saliva keeps mouth moist, washes bacteria off surfaces
-Peristalsis keeps substances moving along
-Defecation removes materials from intestines; infecting bacteria must find spot to attach or will
simply pass through us correct answers Anatomical barriers (physical): GI tract
-Mechanical removal: urination washes unattached bacteria away
-Vaginal secretions move unwanted microbes out correct answers Anatomical barriers
(physical): genitourinary tract
-Antibacterial enzyme
-Digests peptidoglycan cell walls
-Found in sweat, saliva, tears correct answers Lysozyme
-Yes
-Short fatty acids that are toxic to most microbes
-Produced by glands on skin correct answers Are skin oils protective?
-Gastric acid in stomach = very acidic
-Kills most bacteria correct answers Anatomical barriers (chemical): acidity
-Small antibacterial proteins
-Found in sebum, saliva, tears, mucus in lungs correct answers Anatomical barriers (chemical):
defensins
Increases risk of infection b/c acid kills most bacteria correct answers Why are acid blockers a
potential problem for infections?
-Block attachments: take up available sites
-Inhospitable environment: use up available nutrients/resources; produces antibacterial chemicals
-Change environment → lactic acid bacteria in vagina correct answers How do resident intestinal
bacteria protect against infection?
No correct answers Do anatomical barriers require any prior exposure to a pathogen to protect
against it?
-Hereditary defensive system
-In place at birth
