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NURS 335 Exam 2 Practice Questions and Correct Answers
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What are preliminary signs of labor? Lightening, increase in level of activity, Braxton Hicks contractions, ripening of cervix What factors dictate the onset of labor? Bloody show (pink), ROM [may have weight loss, increased back ache, more sacral pressure, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea] What is the...

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  • August 29, 2024
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  • what are preliminary signs of labor lightening
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NURS 335 Exam 2 Practice Questions
and Correct Answers
What are preliminary signs of labor? ✅Lightening, increase in level of activity, Braxton
Hicks contractions, ripening of cervix

What factors dictate the onset of labor? ✅Bloody show (pink), ROM [may have weight
loss, increased back ache, more sacral pressure, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea]

What is the difference between cervical effacement and dilation? ✅Effacement-
thinning/taking up of the cervix, dilation- widening of cervix

What are signs of true labor? ✅True contractions and dilation

What is considered arrest of labor? ✅Adequate contraction pattern (No cervical
change in 4 hours), Inadequate contraction pattern (No cervical change in 6 hours);
Interventions dependent on situation and what has been done already-- make
decisions, C-section?

What are the cardinal movements and how does that affect the labor process? ✅Stage
2 of labor- allow passage of infant through the pelvis, Engagement & descent, flexion,
Internal rotation to OA position, Extension (for expulsion), External rotation - restitution,
External rotation, Expulsion

Identify the 4 degrees of vaginal lacerations. What degree is an episiotomy considered?
✅1st degree: superficially disrupts mucosa, 2nd degree: divides the perineal body
(episiotomies), 3rd degree: tear involves anal sphincter, 4th degree: tear involves rectal
mucosa, 3rd and 4th degrees are very painful, often have an elective C-section the next
time b/c of pain

What are some methods of measuring FHR? ✅Internal or external monitor

What are some methods of measuring contractions? ✅External - tocotransducer,
intrauterine pressure catheter (IUPC), palpation

What is the purpose of Leopold's maneuvers? ✅Determine presentation, Place
external fetal monitor- want it on their back

How do you measure the frequency and duration of contractions? ✅Fetal monitor-
internal (IUPC) or external (tocometer)

What is tachysystole? ✅6 contractions or more in a 10 minute period—correlate FHR
with contraction to evaluate response to labor

, What is the normal range for fetal heart rate? ✅110-160 beats per minute

What is baseline variability? ✅irregular fluctuations in the baseline FHR measured as
the amplitude fo the peak to trough in bpm-- absent, minimal- less than 5bpm,
moderate- 6-25 bpm, marked- greater than 25 bpm

What does a sinusoidal pattern indicate in FHR tracing? ✅HYPOXIA

What issues can fetal tachycardia indicate? ✅Early signs of fetal hypoxemia, Maternal
or fetal infection, Fetal anemia, Maternal hyperthyroidism, Response to drugs

What issues can fetal bradycardia indicate? ✅Late sign of fetal hypoxia, drugs, cord
compression, maternal hypothermia, maternal hypotension, tachysystole

What are characteristics and significance of variable decelerations? ✅Abrupt, random

What are characteristics and significance of early decelerations? ✅Symmetrical and
associated with contraction, return by end of contraction

What are characteristics and significance of late decelerations? ✅Uteroplacental
insufficiency- variety of reasons, begins after peak of contraction

What are characteristics and significance of accelerations? ✅32 weeks or older-
15bpm above baseline lasting 15 seconds or more, Younger than 32 weeks- 10 bpm
above baseline lasting 10 seconds or more

What are causes of visceral pain during labor? ✅Uterine ischemia, cervical changes,
uterine distention, referred (back)pain

What are causes of somatic pain during labor? ✅Distention and pressure, traction,
laceration

When is general anesthesia used during labor? ✅During a c-section when we don't
have time to do a spinal anesthesia

What are some common systemic medications used for pain management in labor?
✅Opioid agonist- morphine, fentanyl (onset 5 mins, peak 30 mins, duration 2 hours)

Why is it important to know onset, peak, & duration of IV/IM meds given during labor?
✅We do not want to give them something too close to pushing b/c it may cause
respiratory depression in the baby

What inhaled anesthetic is used during labor? ✅Nitrous oxide

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