MICR 270 EXAM QUESTIONS WITH ALL ANSWERS VERIFIED
ingestion - Answer-second step of phagocytosis
pathogen is ingested, forming a phagosome within the cell
fusion - Answer-third step of phagocytosis
The phagosome fuses with a lysosome, releasing lysosomal enzymes
digestion - Answer-fou...
pathogen is ingested, forming a phagosome within the cell
fusion - Answer-third step of phagocytosis
The phagosome fuses with a lysosome, releasing lysosomal enzymes
digestion - Answer-fourth step of phagocytosis
bacterium is killed and digested by the lysosomal enzymes
release - Answer-last step of phagocytosis
The digestion products are released from the cell via exocytosis
inflammation - Answer-Occurs as a localized tissue response to injury or invasion and
has both local and systemic effects within the body
Purpose is to localize and eliminate the invading pathogen in an effort to remove
damaged tissue and stop it from spreading
calor - Answer-heat
dalor - Answer-pain
rubor - Answer-redness
vasodialation - Answer-increase in the diameter of blood vessels
occurs in capillaries near the affected area as the vessles carrying blood away from the
area constrict which makes the capillary network become engorged
exudate - Answer-increase in membrane permeability from the capillary network
engorgement
chemotaxis - Answer-entrance of fluid and cells from the previous event includes the
influx of phagocytes
,steps: margination, extravasion, chemotaxis
margination - Answer-adherence of the phagocytes to the endothelial wall of the blood
vessels
extravasion - Answer-emigration of phagocytes between the capillary-endothelial cells
into the tissue
antibodies (immunoglobins) - Answer-effector molecules of humour immunity
secreted antibodies - Answer-antibodies secreted by plasma cells and circulated in the
blood
membrane-bound antibodies - Answer-antibodies circulated in the blood that are
attached to the surface of a B cell
light chain - Answer-main antigen binding region of immunoglobin molecule
heavy chain - Answer-majority of structure of immunoglobin
differs in each type
IgG - Answer-Can coat microbes to promote phagocytosis and killing by immune cells
Only class that can cross the placental barrier
IgM - Answer-First antibody to be formed in an immune response
Activate the complement system with IgG to complimant the work of the antibodies that
amplify inflammatory and immune responses and cause lysis of some bacteria
IgA - Answer-Predominant antibody class present in the body's secretions
Acts as the first line of defence at the mucosal membranes against invading organisms
IgE - Answer-Produced in excess in response to pollen, animal dander, and dust
Reactions against harmless intruders leads to allergic response
Beneficial role = certain parasites - can activate helper T cells to initiate an adaptive
immune response to helminth worms
IgD - Answer-Found in large quantities on the surface of mature B cells
Importance is unclear
, Thought to have activity during B cell development
professional APCs - Answer-Very efficient at internalizing antigens, either by
phagocytosis or receptor-mediated endocytosis
Then display the antigen on the cell surface via MHC proteins
non-professional APCs - Answer-Do not constitutively express the MHC proteins
required to interact with naïve T cells
Must be stimulates by certain cytokines before they will display MHC
immune system - Answer-an organization of cells, tissues, and organs within the body
that each have their own specialized role in defending against infection
Immune response - Answer-the coordinated reaction of immune cells and microbes
antibody - Answer-circulating protein which is made by a class of immune cells called B
cells in response to a specific antigen
antigen - Answer-foreign protein that induces an immune response typically including
the production of antibodies
Lymphatic system - Answer-a network of vessels that collects fluid that has escaped
from the capillaries and entered the surrounding tissues
lymph - Answer-clear fluid that has leaked out of the capillary walls of the blood vessels
into the surrounding tissues called interstitial space
Lymphatic vessels - Answer-pick up lymph, and carry it towards the heart where it re-
enters the circulatory system
lymph node - Answer-filter the lymph and are filled with lymphocytes (a type of white
blood cells) specializing in antigen recognition
lymphoid - Answer-adjective = components of the lymphatic system
thymus - Answer-where T cells mature
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