A goal of successful development that is expressed in every culture is that children should acquire the moral rules of that society. In meeting this goal, which of the following is viewed as essential for mature morality?
a. being obedient for tangible rewards
b. fear of punishment for wrongdoing...
A goal of successful development that is expressed in every culture is that children should
acquire the moral rules of that society. In meeting this goal, which of the following is viewed as
essential for mature morality?
a. being obedient for tangible rewards
b. fear of punishment for wrongdoing
c. internalization of moral principles
d. being obedient to please elders - ANS c. internalization of moral principles
Which component of morality was the focus of Freud's psychoanalytic theory?
a. affective
b. cognitive
c. behavioural
d. biological - ANS a. affective
According to Freud, which factor plays the most critical role in the development of moral
standards?
a. the mother's relationship to the child
b. the child's successful resolution of the Oedipus complex
c. the child's religious education
d. the satisfaction of the oral needs in infancy - ANS b. the child's successful resolution of
the Oedipus complex
What is the term for compliance based on the child's eagerness to reciprocate cooperation with
a responsive parent?
a. committed
b. situational
c. relational
d. conflicted - ANS a. committed
What is the term for a parent-child relationship characterized by concern for each other's
needs?
a. mutually responsive
b. prosocial responsive
c. mutually prosocial
d. mutual relational - ANS a. mutually responsive
,What is the term for a parent-child relationship characterized by shared positive affect?
a. mutually prosocial
b. mutual relational
c. mutually responsive
d. shared relational - ANS c. mutually responsive
What underlying component is common to both Piaget's and Kohlberg's theories of moral
development?
a. affective
b. cognitive
c. behavioural
d. sociocultural - ANS b. cognitive
Piaget's theory of moral development stresses that moral development occurs in which stages?
a. two variable
b. three invariant
c. three variable
d. six invariant - ANS b. three invariant
In which of Piaget's stages of moral development are children either unaware of rules or make
up rules informally while they play?
a. conceptual
b. heteronomous
c. autonomous
d. premoral - ANS d. premoral
Which of the following characterizes the play behaviour of children in Piaget's premoral stage?
a. They are systematic in their games.
b. They focus on winning.
c. They think the point of games is to take turns.
d. They are concerned about the rules of the game. - ANS c. They think the point of games
is to take turns.
In what way were the theories of moral development proposed by Freud and Piaget similar?
a. Both suggested children under the age of 5 would show little concern or awareness of moral
issues.
b. Both believed that moral affect is an important aspect of moral development.
c. Both saw moral development as occurring in an invariant sequence of four stages.
d. Both suggested nurturing relationships with parents foster the development of stronger moral
values in children. - ANS a. Both suggested children under the age of 5 would show little
concern or awareness of moral issues.
Joshua is a 17-year-old high school student and he believes that rules are fluid, and though
mutually agreed upon, they can be changed if needed. Indeed he is known for being forgiving
, of his friends' occasional transgressions. Into which of Piaget's stages of moral development
does Joshua's reasoning fit?
a. autonomous
b. conventional
c. heteronomous
d. premoral - ANS a. autonomous
William is a 22 year old college student and he believes that "rules are rules," pure and simple.
Furthermore, he is sure that if he breaks a rule, he will eventually be punished for it in some
way. Into which of Piaget's stages of moral development does William's reasoning fit?
a. autonomous
b. conventional
c. heteronomous
d. premoral - ANS c. heteronomous
Which of the following lists the correct developmental sequence of Piaget's stages of moral
development, from earliest to last?
a. premoral/heteronomous/autonomous
b. heteronomous/premoral/autonomous
c. premoral/autonomous/heteronomous
d. autonomous/premoral/heteronomous - ANS a. premoral/heteronomous/autonomous
According to Piaget, at what stage do children judge wrongdoing by considering whether the
action was "just an accident" versus "done on purpose"?
a. autonomous morality
b. heteronomous morality
c. oedipal morality
d. negative morality - ANS a. autonomous morality
Michelle breaks her brother's cell phone when she accidentally knocks it down the stairs. When
Simon finds out, he immediately runs to their mother and declares that Michelle should be
punished. How would Piaget classify Simon's moral reasoning?
a. as heteronomous
b. as autonomous
c. as reciprocal
d. as premoral - ANS a. as heteronomous
According to Piaget, what characterizes the moral reasoning of 10- to 12-year-olds?
a. their belief that accidents such as falling down or losing something are punishments for
misdeeds
b. their focus on the magnitude of the misdeed rather than the harmdoer's intentions
c. their belief that rules are absolutes in games and in life
d. their focus on the harmdoer's intentions rather than the magnitude of the misdeed - ANS
d. their focus on the harmdoer's intentions rather than the magnitude of the misdeed
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