Brain and behaviour exam with correct answers 2024
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Course
Brain and behaviou
Institution
Brain And Behaviou
The human brain is an correct answers intricate network of neurons
Neurons correct answers cells of the nervous system that are specialized for the reception, conduction and transmission of electrochemical signals
Neuroscience correct answers the scientific study of the nervous system
-...
The human brain is an correct answers intricate network of neurons
Neurons correct answers cells of the nervous system that are specialized for the
reception, conduction and transmission of electrochemical signals
Neuroscience correct answers the scientific study of the nervous system
- Comprises several related disciplines
Jimmie G correct answers when he recounted his early experience in the navy he
talked in the present tense
- Never talk about anything that happened to him after his time in the navy
- Believed that he was 19 when he was 40
- He forgot everything that was said or shown to him within a few seconds
Four themes of biopsychology are: correct answers 1. Thinking creatively- to overcome
restrictive effects of common views and think outside of the box
2. Clinical implications- implications that pertain to illness
-studies of healthy brains can tell us about brain disorders
- Studies of damaged brains can tell us about normal brain function
3. Evolutionary perspective- thinking about the environmental pressures that led to the
evolution of our own brains and behaviours
- Comparing the brains and behavior
4. Neuroplasticity- the brain is plastic
- The brain continuously changes in response to interactions between its genetic
programs and experiences
Thinking creatively correct answers thinking is productive, unconventional ways
What are the two aspects of clinical implications? correct answers 1. Much of what bio
psychologists learn about the functioning of the human brain comes from studying
diseased or damaged brains
2. What is discovered has relevance for the treatment of brain disorders
Biopsychology correct answers the scientific study of the biology of behavior
- A biological approach to the study of psychology
- Is an infant
The origins of the field of biopsychology correct answers Did not develop into a
discipline until the 20th century
- D.O Hebb
,D.O Hebb correct answers wrote "The organization of behavior" in 1949 by D.O Hebb
played a key role in the emergence of biopsychology
- Hebb developed the first comprehensive theory of how complex psychological
phenomena, such as perceptions and emotions might be produced by brain activity
List six fields of neuroscience that are particularly relavent to biopsychological inquiry
correct answers 1. Neuroanatomy
2. Neuroendicrinology
3. Neurochemistry
4. Neurophysiology
5. Neuropharmacology
6. Neuropathology
Biopsychologists are neuroscientists who bring to their research a correct answers
knowledge of behavior and of the methods of behavioural research
- Draw together knowledge from the other neuroscientific disciplines and apply it to the
study of behavior
What is the ultimate purpose of the nervous system? correct answers Control behavior
Neuroanatomy correct answers study of the structure of the nervous system
Neurochemistry correct answers study of the chemical bases of neural activity
Neuroendocrinology correct answers study of interactions between the nervous system
and the endocrine system
Neuropathology correct answers study of the nervous system disorders
Neuropharmacology correct answers study of the effects of drugs of neural activity
Neurophysiology correct answers study of the functions and activites of the nervous
system
Biopsychological research can involve? correct answers Human or nonhuman subjects
- Take the form of either formal experiments or nonexperimental studies
- Can either be pure or applied
What are common nonhuman subjects for biopsychological research? correct answers
Mice and rats
- Others are cats, dogs and nonhuman primates
Advantages of human subjects are: correct answers They are cheaper
- Follow instructions
- Can report their subjective experiences
, - Have human brains which helps since this field is based on understanding the human
brain
Disadvantages of animal subjects are: correct answers They are expensive- only the
highest standards of animal care are acceptable
Why would we try to study animals to help understand the human brain? correct
answers Evolutionary continuity of the brain
- Differ primarily in their overall size and the extent of their cortical development
- Many of the principles of human brain function can be clarified by the study of
nonhumans
Advantageous of nonhuman subjects are? correct answers 1. Brain and behavior of
nonhuman subjects are simpler
- More likely to reveal fundamental brain behavior interactions
2. Insights frequently arise from the comparative approach
3. Possible to conduct research on laboratory animals that for ethical reasons is not
possible with human participants
- Fewer ethical constraints on the study of laboratory species than on the study of
humans
Comparative approach correct answers study of biological processes by comparing
different species
- Usually from the evolutionary perspective
What are two types of nonexperiments? correct answers 1. Quasiexperimental studies
2. Case studies
Experiments correct answers study causation
- Responsible for the knowledge that is the basis for our modern way of life
- The experimenter first designs two or more conditions under which the subjects will
be tested
- There is an independent and dependent variable
Between subjects design correct answers an experimental design in which a different
group of subjects is tested under each condition
Within subjects design correct answers an experimental design in which the same
subjects are tested under each condition
Independent variable correct answers the difference between the experimental
conditions that is arranged by the experimenter
Dependent variable correct answers the variable measured by the experimenter to
assess the effect of the independent variable
, - An difference in the dependent variable between the conditions must have been
caused by the independent variable
Confounded variable correct answers when there is more than one difference that
could affect the dependent variable, it is difficult to determine whether it was the
independent variable or the unintended difference
Coolidge effect correct answers fact that a copulating male who becomes incapable of
continuing to copulate with one sex partner can often recommence copulating with a
new sex partner
More on the Coolidge effect correct answers Males of most mammalian species
become sexually fatigues more readily than the females
- In the midst of copulation, a female is provided with a new sex partner, the increase in
her sexual receptivity could be either a legitimate Coolidge effect or a reaction to the
greater vigor of the new male
- All the same time a female subject was copulating with one male, the other male to be
used in the test was copulating with another female
- Both males were given a rest while the female was copulating with a third male
- The female subject was tested with either male or the unfamiliar male
- The dependent variable was the amount of time that the female displayed lordosis
Quasiexperimental studies correct answers studies of groups of subjects who have
been exposed to the conditions of interest in the real world
- physical or ethical impediments frequently make it impossible to assign subjects to
particular conditions
- Potential confounded variables have not been controlled
Case studies correct answers studies that focus on a single case or subjects
- More in depth picture than that provided by an experiment or a quasiexperimental
study
- Problem with generalizability
Generalizability correct answers degree to which their results can be applied to other
cases
Biopsychological research can either correct answers be pure or applied
Pure research correct answers motivated primarily by the curiosity of the researcher
- Done for the purpose of acquiring knowledge
- Many scientists believe that pure research will ultimately prove to be more practical
benefit then applied research. The view is that applications flow readilt from an
understanding of basic principles and that attempts to move directly to application
without first gaining a basic understanding are short-sighted
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