100% satisfaction guarantee Immediately available after payment Both online and in PDF No strings attached
logo-home
Biochem 4511 Cogan - ACS Final Questions and Answers Fully Solved $12.99   Add to cart

Exam (elaborations)

Biochem 4511 Cogan - ACS Final Questions and Answers Fully Solved

 4 views  0 purchase
  • Course
  • Biochemistry ACS
  • Institution
  • Biochemistry ACS

Biochem 4511 Cogan - ACS Final

Preview 3 out of 18  pages

  • September 3, 2024
  • 18
  • 2024/2025
  • Exam (elaborations)
  • Questions & answers
  • Biochemistry ACS
  • Biochemistry ACS
avatar-seller
julianah420
Biochem 4511 Cogan - ACS Final

random movement of molecules is impacted by... - answer1. size
2. charge
3. temperature
4. crowding
5. barriers

what can cross the membrane - answer1. hydrophobic molecules (O2, CO2)
2. small uncharged polar (H2O, glycerol)

characteristics unique to carriers - answer1. open to only one side at a time
2. passive or active
3. slower flow (hyperbolic curve)

characteristics unique to channels - answer1. can be gated
2. open to both sides
3. don't cycle in conformations
4. passive only
5. more rapid flow (linear plot)

what is similar for both channels and carriers - answerthey both have a selectivity filter

Bacteria K+ channel - answer1. 4 subunits (each 2 TM)
2. central filter that collects K+ ions
3. desolvated K+ alone is coordinated to backbone carbonyl groups in filter

Voltage gated K+ channels - answer1. channels that conditionally restrict flow
2. can be determined by many factors

what is an example of a voltage gated K+ channel - answerneuronal voltage gated K+
channels

when are neuronal voltage gated K+ channels open - answerS4-S5 helix responds to
voltage, bends upward

when are neuronal voltage gated K+ channels closed - answerS4-S5 helix presses on
S6 closing passageway

aquaporins - answer1. helical-based pores selective for water transport
2. special arrangement of an interrupted hydrogen bonding network (red) restricts flow
of protons

,is the glucose transporter active or passive - answerpassive

glucose transporter - answer1. glucose moves into red blood cells
2. blood glucose = 5mM

uniport - answersingle molecule moves in either direction

symport - answertwo molecules move together in either direction

antiport - answertwo molecules move in opposite direction

primary active transport - answeractive transport through a carrier coupled to ATP
energy source

what is an example of primary active transport - answerNa/K ATPase (only found in
animal cells)

secondary co-transport - answeruses an established gradient for active transport

what can secondary active transport be powered by - answer1. sodium gradient--animal
cells
2. proton gradient--plants and fungi
3. proton gradient--bacteria

functions of Na/K ATPase - answer1. water balance (removal of water)
2. secondary active transport (glucose and amino acid uptake)
3. excitable cells (nerve and muscle)

general features of pumps - answer1. pumps bind their ligands only on one side of the
membrane
2. have two distinct energy states
3. ATP hydrolysis is used to power conversion from low to high energy state
4. phosphate hydrolysis leads to "snap" back to low energy states

** balance between ATP hydrolysis and phosphate hydrolysis

action potential - answera sudden flux of ions across a neuronal cell membrane upon
stimulation
can either depolarize or hyperpolarize

what is the RMP - answer-70

how do action potentials travel - answeralong the axon from node to node (in between
sections of myelin sheaths)

, tetrodotoxin - answertoxin best known in pufferfish
blocks Na+ channels by binding to an amine group containing amino acid in the
selectivity filter of the channel

lidocaine and benzocaine - answerdental anesthetics

scorpion venom - answercan paralyze and kill humans

what is the 4 step scheme involved in signal transduction - answer1. reception:
signaling ligand received by sensor, most often a membrane receptor
2. transduction: conversion of one type of signal to another type of signal
3. amplification: cellular action activates paths (usually through second messengers and
effector enzymes which are turned on or off)
4. cellular response: activation/inhibition of necessary metabolic paths to satisfy the
demand required by the signal

general overview of quorum sensing - answerbacteria sense how many are alike near
them, and then they elicit a response together

signal transduction in quorum sensing - answer1. auto-inducer: alter behavior of
population that wouldnt be accomplished by an individual bacteria cell
2. inducer-receptor (intracellular): operon, receives messages intercellularly then goes
to genome to turn gene on
3. operon induction: makes Lux 1 which is positive feedback, high levels have auto
inducer to a local environment

what makes the auto-inducer? - answerthe enzyme

what happens when levels of operon reach a critical level - answerluciferase is turned
on

vibrio fischeri - answerlive in seawater and some associated organisms

what do G-protein coupled receptors sense - answerlight, taste, smell, nt's, 40 % all
drugs, metabolism

types of G-proteins - answer1. monomeric: single protein
2. heterotrimeric: 3 subunits (alpha, beta, gamma)

what are the domains of G-proteins - answer1. extracellular: ligand-binding, agonist
2. 7 TM alpha helixes
3. intracellular: guanine exchange factor

is G-protein reception extracellular or intracellular - answerextracellular

The benefits of buying summaries with Stuvia:

Guaranteed quality through customer reviews

Guaranteed quality through customer reviews

Stuvia customers have reviewed more than 700,000 summaries. This how you know that you are buying the best documents.

Quick and easy check-out

Quick and easy check-out

You can quickly pay through credit card or Stuvia-credit for the summaries. There is no membership needed.

Focus on what matters

Focus on what matters

Your fellow students write the study notes themselves, which is why the documents are always reliable and up-to-date. This ensures you quickly get to the core!

Frequently asked questions

What do I get when I buy this document?

You get a PDF, available immediately after your purchase. The purchased document is accessible anytime, anywhere and indefinitely through your profile.

Satisfaction guarantee: how does it work?

Our satisfaction guarantee ensures that you always find a study document that suits you well. You fill out a form, and our customer service team takes care of the rest.

Who am I buying these notes from?

Stuvia is a marketplace, so you are not buying this document from us, but from seller julianah420. Stuvia facilitates payment to the seller.

Will I be stuck with a subscription?

No, you only buy these notes for $12.99. You're not tied to anything after your purchase.

Can Stuvia be trusted?

4.6 stars on Google & Trustpilot (+1000 reviews)

83507 documents were sold in the last 30 days

Founded in 2010, the go-to place to buy study notes for 14 years now

Start selling
$12.99
  • (0)
  Add to cart