Microcytic anemia - ANS -Low MCV
-Small RBCs
-Often associated with iron-deficiency or Thalessaemia
Normocytic anemia - ANS -MCV 80-100 (WNL)
-acute blood loss
-anemia of chronic dx
- Aplastic Anemia
macrocytic anemia - ANS • High MCV
• Large, fragile RBCs
• Often associated with folate and/or B-12 deficiency; pernicious anemia
Anemia - ANS A deficiency in the number of erythrocytes (RBC), quantity of Hgb, and/or
the volume of packed RBC (HCT)
normal hemoglobin levels - ANS Male: 14-17.3 g/dL
Female: 11.7-15.5 g/dL
Normal hematocrit levels - ANS Male: 45%-52%
Female: 36-48%
Iron Deficiency Anemia - ANS - Most common form of anemia
- Low iron levels
- Causes: poor intake, absorption problem, blood loss
- tx: diet, supplementation
iron deficiency anemia Sx - ANS "LOW IRON"
Lethargic
Overexert easily
White face (pale)
Inflammation of tongue
Reduced Hgb Lvls
Observe changes in RBC
Nail changes (spoon shaped)
, Iron supplementation education - ANS - take on an empty stomach 1 hr before meals
- take with vitamin C (OJ)
- Stool will be dark black
- Side effect: constipation
- If liquid: mix with a drink and drink with a straw
Thalassemia - ANS -Inherited defect in the ability to produce hemoglobin, usually seen in
persons of Mediterranean background.
- Fragile, hypochromic, microcytic RBCs
Thalassemia symptoms - ANS - fatigue, weakness, pale or yellowish skin
- facial bone deformities, slow growth
- abd swelling, dark urine
Thalassemia treatment - ANS Blood transfusions
Iron Chelation therapy—for iron overload
Splenectomy may be required
Moderate cases survive into their 30s
Sickle Cell Anemia - ANS -a genetic disorder that causes abnormal hemoglobin, resulting
in some red blood cells assuming an abnormal sickle shape
- RBC have decreased life span (~20 days)
Factors that can lead to sickle cell crisis - ANS "SICKLE"
Significant blood loss
Illness
Climbing or flying to high altitudes
Keeping continued stress
Low fluid intake (dehydration)
Elevated temperature (fever, exercise)
Sickle cell nursing interventions - ANS Promote rest, administer fluids, administer
analgesics and meds, monitor I/Os, administer oxygen
Apply warm compresses (never cold)
Sickle cell anemia symptoms - ANS Symptoms start after 6 months old:
-Splenomegaly
-Hepatomegaly
-Ulcers over tibia
-Enlarged heart
-Systolic murmur
-Jaundice
-Gallstones
-Retinopathy
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