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ACS Biochemistry Exam 2024 Questions and Verified Answers, 100% Guarantee Pass

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ACS Biochemistry Exam.pdf file:///C:/Users/HP/Desktop/New%20folder/ACS%20Biochemistry%

ACS Biochemistry Exam

1. Metabolism (catabolism and anabolism): Metabolism: sum of total chemicalreactions in

an organism, also the method by which cells extract and use energyfrom their environment.

Catabolism: The process by which stored nutrients and ingested foods are converted to a usable

form of energy. It produces simple products CO2, H2O, NH3, and buildingblocks such as sugars

and fats that are used in anabolism.

Anabolism: the process by which simple products and building blocks of catabolismare used to

create complex biological products that contribute to organismal growthand development. It also

uses the energy produced in catabolism to do biological work.

2. Properties of cells: Metabolism: undergoing catabolic and anabolic processes.

Reproduction: cell populations grow via asexual reproduction.

Mutation: during growth and reproduction, cells sometimes make mistakes, leadingto mutations

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and evolution.

Respond to environment: metabolic pathways respond to signals, including light,touch,

hormones, and nutrients, that can turn the pathways on or off.

Speed and efficiency: cell operations are highly specific to maximize targeting andefficiency.

Similar building blocks: most species are very similar at the cellular level.

3. What accounts for water's unique properties?: Hydrogen bonding

4. The unique properties of water (specific heat, heat of vaporization, solubili-ty): 1) high

specific heat, or heat required to raise the temperature of the unit massof a given substance by

one degree.

For water to increase in temperature, water molecules must be made to move faster,or get higher

KE, and doing this requires breaking hydrogen bonds, which absorbsheat. So, as heat is applied,

most of it goes to breaking the bonds not upregulatingKE, thus making water harder to heat

than substances where no bonds need to bebroken.

2) High heat of vaporization, or the amount of heat needed to turn one g of a liquidinto vapor,

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without a temperature rise in the liquid. Important for sweat because it ensures that when the

liquid evaporates from our skin, the heat required for the

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transition is kept in the gas, causing a net cooling effect on the skin.

3) Unique solubility properties: "like dissolves like". Water dissolves polar molecules and ions,

and can act as an H-bond donor or receptor

4) Amphoteric, it can act as an acid (donating electrons) or a base (accepting elec-trons). The

conjugate acid of water is the hydronium ion, H3O+, and the conjugate base of water is the

hydroxide ion, OH-.

5. Keq for water at 25 degrees C and in pure water: At 25 degrees C:Keq= Kw=

[OH-][H3O+]= 1*10^-14

In pure water:

[OH-]=[H3O+]= 1*10^-7

6. Calculation for pH and pKa: pH= -log[H3O+]pKa=

-log(Ka)

7. Normal blood pH range: 7.35-7.45

8. The Hydrophobic Effect: When non-polar molecules aggregate in the presenceof water,

minimizing the entropy decrease water must go through to order them- selves around the

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