Bio 1404: Exam 2/3
What separates the living cell from its surroundings - Answer-Plasma membrane
What plasma membrane exhibits BLANK, which allows some substances to cross it more easily than others - Answer-Selective permeability
What are the most abundant lipids in most membranes - Answe...
Bio 1404: Exam 2/3
What separates the living cell from its surroundings - Answer-Plasma membrane
What plasma membrane exhibits BLANK, which allows some substances to cross it
more easily than others - Answer-Selective permeability
What are the most abundant lipids in most membranes - Answer-Phospholipids
Phospholipids are ___, containing hydrophobic and hydrophilic regions - Answer-
Amphipathic molecules
What type of proteins penetrate the hydrophobic interior of the lipid bilayer - Answer-
Integral proteins
What type of proteins are not embedded in the lipid bilayer, but are loosely bound to
the surface - Answer-Peripheral proteins
What allows hydrophilic substances to avoid the lipid bilayer and pass through -
Answer-Transport Proteins
What is the moment of substances to spread out into available space - Answer-
Diffusion
A substance will diffuse from where it is more concentrated to were it is less
concentrated. Called ___ - Answer-Concentration Gradient
What is diffusion that requires no energy - Answer-Passive transport
What is diffusion of water called - Answer-Osmosis
Term for when no net movement or water or substance occurs - Answer-Isotonic
What is the ability of a cell to gain or lose water - Answer-Tonicity
What occurs when a cell is placed in a solution with higher concentrated solutes -
Answer-Hypertonic - Cell loses water
What occurs when a cell is placed in a solution with lower concentrated solutes -
Answer-Hypotonic - Cell gains water
What happens when the plasma membrane pulls away from the cell wall as a plant
cell shrivels - Answer-Plasmolysis
What type of diffusion requires help of transport proteins - Answer-Facilitated
diffusion
What are proteins that transport ions called - Answer-Ion Channels
, What type of transport requires cell energy - Answer-Active transport
What is the combination of the chemical and electrical forces that drives diffusion -
Answer-Electrochemical gradient
What is a transport protein that generates voltage across a membrane - Answer-
Electrogenic pump
A single ATP-powered pump that transports a specific solute can indirectly drive the
active transport of several other solutes is called what - Answer-Cotransport
What process secretes molecules by the fusion of vesicles with the plasma
membrane - Answer-Exocytosis
What process takes in molecules and matter by forming new vesicles - Answer-
Endocytosis
What are the three types of Endocytosis in animal cells - Answer-1) Phagocytosis -
Particles
2) Pinocytosis - Fluid droplets
3) Receptor-Mediated Endocytosis - Specific substances
What short distance molecules are responsible for cell signaling - Answer-Local
Regulators
What are long distance cell signaling chemicals - Answer-Hormones
What are the three stages of cell signaling - Answer-1) Reception
2) Transduction
3) Response
What are the two main receptors - Answer-1) G Protein-coupled Receptor (GPCR)
2) Ligand-Gated Ion Channel
What is the totality of an organism's chemical reactions - Answer-Metabolism
A specific molecule is altered in a series of defined steps called what - Answer-
Metabolic Pathway
What is the capacity to cause change - Answer-Energy
What is the energy of motion - Answer-Kinetic
What energy is associated with random movement of atoms - Answer-Thermal
energy
Transfer of heat from one object to another is called - Answer-heat
What is energy based off structure or location - Answer-Potential Energy
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