EDF 6223 Exam 1 Questions &
Solutions(RATED A)
stimulus equivalence - ANSWER The emergence of accurate responding to untrained and nonreinforced
stimulus-stimulus relations following the reinforcement of responses to some stimulus-stimulus
relations. A positive demonstration of the reflexivity, symmetry, and transitivity is necessary to meet the
definition of equivalence.
matching-to-sample procedure - ANSWER A discrete trial procedure for investigating conditional
relations and stimulus equivalence. A matching-to-sample trial begins with the participant making a
response that presents or reveals the sample stimulus; next, the sample stimulus may or may not be
removed, and two or more comparison stimuli are presented. The participant then selects one of the
comparison stimuli. Responses that select a comparison stimulus that matches the sample stimulus are
reinforced.
Sample Stimulus - ANSWER What you are being presented with to match to the correct answer/SD
Comparison stimulus - ANSWER The stimulus that changes until it is recognizably different from the
standard stimulus.
Reflexivity - ANSWER Stimuli-to-stimuli relation in which the learner- without any prior training or
reinforcement- selects a stimulus that is the same as the sample stimulus
What is the mathematical formula for reflexivity? - ANSWER A=A
Symmetry - ANSWER Stimuli-to-stimulus relation in which the learner- without any prior training or
reinforcement- demonstrates the reversibility of the sample stimulus and comparison stimulus.
example of symmetry - ANSWER If shown a pencil, Bobby can name it. If shown three items (one of
which is a pencil) and told to 'pick the pencil' he can do so.
, What is the mathematical formula of symmetry? - ANSWER A=B, B=A
Transitivity - ANSWER Stimulus-to-stimulus relations that emerge as a product of training 2 other
stimulus-stimulus relations.
Class Formation - ANSWER Typically measured as the percentage of probe trials on which a comparison
selection is consistent with equivalence, for each defining probe type.
delayed emergence - ANSWER A relatively common observation in which equivalence performances
grow stronger with repeated testing.
class expansion - ANSWER Increasing the size of an established equivalence class to include an additional
member or members.
class merger - ANSWER Independent equivalence classes are combined as the result of teaching a new
but interrelated conditional discrimination.
Transfer of function - ANSWER The finding that teaching a new function for one member of an
established equivalence class results in the same function holding for all members of the class.
contextual control - ANSWER The situation or context in which a stimulus (or stimulus class) occurs
determines its function. More specifically: a type of stimulus control requiring three levels of antecedent
stimuli, such that the functions of the stimuli in a conditional discrimination vary depending on the
context.
Relational Responding - ANSWER Responding to one stimulus based on its relation to another stimulus
or stimuli
Mutual Entailment - ANSWER When in a given context, A is related in a characteristic way to B, and as a
result, B is now related in another characteristic way to A
Combinatorial Entailment - ANSWER Trained: A > B and B > C
Derived: A > C and C < A
Solutions(RATED A)
stimulus equivalence - ANSWER The emergence of accurate responding to untrained and nonreinforced
stimulus-stimulus relations following the reinforcement of responses to some stimulus-stimulus
relations. A positive demonstration of the reflexivity, symmetry, and transitivity is necessary to meet the
definition of equivalence.
matching-to-sample procedure - ANSWER A discrete trial procedure for investigating conditional
relations and stimulus equivalence. A matching-to-sample trial begins with the participant making a
response that presents or reveals the sample stimulus; next, the sample stimulus may or may not be
removed, and two or more comparison stimuli are presented. The participant then selects one of the
comparison stimuli. Responses that select a comparison stimulus that matches the sample stimulus are
reinforced.
Sample Stimulus - ANSWER What you are being presented with to match to the correct answer/SD
Comparison stimulus - ANSWER The stimulus that changes until it is recognizably different from the
standard stimulus.
Reflexivity - ANSWER Stimuli-to-stimuli relation in which the learner- without any prior training or
reinforcement- selects a stimulus that is the same as the sample stimulus
What is the mathematical formula for reflexivity? - ANSWER A=A
Symmetry - ANSWER Stimuli-to-stimulus relation in which the learner- without any prior training or
reinforcement- demonstrates the reversibility of the sample stimulus and comparison stimulus.
example of symmetry - ANSWER If shown a pencil, Bobby can name it. If shown three items (one of
which is a pencil) and told to 'pick the pencil' he can do so.
, What is the mathematical formula of symmetry? - ANSWER A=B, B=A
Transitivity - ANSWER Stimulus-to-stimulus relations that emerge as a product of training 2 other
stimulus-stimulus relations.
Class Formation - ANSWER Typically measured as the percentage of probe trials on which a comparison
selection is consistent with equivalence, for each defining probe type.
delayed emergence - ANSWER A relatively common observation in which equivalence performances
grow stronger with repeated testing.
class expansion - ANSWER Increasing the size of an established equivalence class to include an additional
member or members.
class merger - ANSWER Independent equivalence classes are combined as the result of teaching a new
but interrelated conditional discrimination.
Transfer of function - ANSWER The finding that teaching a new function for one member of an
established equivalence class results in the same function holding for all members of the class.
contextual control - ANSWER The situation or context in which a stimulus (or stimulus class) occurs
determines its function. More specifically: a type of stimulus control requiring three levels of antecedent
stimuli, such that the functions of the stimuli in a conditional discrimination vary depending on the
context.
Relational Responding - ANSWER Responding to one stimulus based on its relation to another stimulus
or stimuli
Mutual Entailment - ANSWER When in a given context, A is related in a characteristic way to B, and as a
result, B is now related in another characteristic way to A
Combinatorial Entailment - ANSWER Trained: A > B and B > C
Derived: A > C and C < A
