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Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 1) Who does it cover 2) what entities does it apply to 3) what entities are exempt 4) what commission did it create correct answers 1) Covers color, national orgin, race, religion, and sex Does NOT protect against disability Memory Spark: CNRRS 2) ...

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Employment Law || with Accurate Answers 100%.
Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964
1) Who does it cover
2) what entities does it apply to
3) what entities are exempt
4) what commission did it create correct answers 1) Covers color, national orgin, race, religion,
and sex
Does NOT protect against disability
Memory Spark: CNRRS

2) Applies to:
---- all public & private employers with 15+ employees
---- public & private educational institutions
---- Federal, State and Local Governments
---- public & private employment agencies
---- labor unions with 15+ members
---- joint labor-management committees

3) EXEMPT
-- Government owned corps.
-- Indian Tribes
-- Bona fide private membership clubs

4) Created the EEOC

5) Reverse Discrimination is illegal under Title VII, you can not hire people with lower skills
just to fill a quota

Title VII: Sexual Harassment
* what are two ways to define sexual harassment correct answers * Time limit to file a sexual
harassment claim is 180 days

* harassment on the basis of sex that:
-- interferes with an employee's performance
-- creates an intimidating or hostile work environment.

* Orgs have a legal obligation to maintain a work environment free of harassment

Unlawful Workplace Harassment
* what 3 laws does harassment fall under
* what types of people are protected from harassment correct answers * Form of employee
discrimination that violates Title VII, ADEA and ADA

* Can be based on race, color, religion, sex (including pregnancy), national origin, age (older
than 40), disability or genetic information.

,Memory Spark: Title 7 plus A, D, G

Quid Pro Quo Sexual Harassment correct answers * "This for that"
* Most obvious type of sexual harassment
* Sexual favors in exchange for a tangible employment action (promotion, raise, demotion, etc.)

Hostile Work Environment
* Who does hostile work environment take place between - 2 scenarios correct answers * Sexual
or other Discriminatory conduct that does not result in a tangible employment action

* Supervisor - Sexual harassment does NOT have to result in tangible employment action

* Non-supervisor - Sexual harassment between co-workers, or between employee and non-
employee

Hostile Work Environment - Harassment
* what are 3 behaviors that create a hostile work environment correct answers * Interferes with
employee's performance

* Creates intimating or humiliating environment

* Affects employees emotional and psychological well-being

Hostile Work Environment - Sexual Harassment
* must be: correct answers * Sexual in nature
* Severe or pervasive
* Unwelcome

Equal Pay Act of 1963 (EPA)
* what is it
* which law did it amend correct answers * Required employers provide equal pay for
"substantially equal" work, regardless of sex. (equal: skills, effort, responsibility, working
conditions in the same establishment)

* Employers can pay men & women differently for substantially equal work as long as the
difference is not based on gender
-- ex. seniority, performance, working in different locations

* Employer cannot reduce the wages of either sex to equalize pay

* Covers all types of pay
-- salary
-- overtime
-- bonuses
-- pay for time not worked

,-- stock options
-- profit sharing plans

* Amended Title VII in 1972
* Amended FLSA

Pregnancy Discrimination Act of 1978 (PDA)
* what is it
* what 3 stages are covered
* who must pregnant employees be treated like
* what law did it amend correct answers * Prohibits sex discrimination based on pregnancy,
childbirth, or related medical conditions

* Employer cannot refuse to hire a pregnant woman because of her pregnancy

* Temporarily disabled employees:
ex: if the employer allows temp. disabled employees to modify tasks, perform alternative
assignments or take disability leave or leave without pay, the employer must allow pregnant
employee to do the same.

* Amendment to Title VII

Age Discrimination in Employment Act of 1967 (ADEA)
1) what age does it protect
2) what employers does it apply to
3) can employers ask about age correct answers 1) Prohibits discrimination against individuals
(employees and applicants) based on their age (40 years of age or older)
* Employers (with very few exceptions) can no longer force an employee to retire

2) Applies to most employers with 20 or more employees.

3) ADEA does not specifically prohibit an employer from asking about an applicants age or date
of birth.

Civil Rights Act of 1991
* what is the law

1) what type of discrimination must take place for an individual to make a claim under this Act

2) what 2 things did this act allow employees to do

3) Under what 2 types law can someone make this claim

4) What is the maximum award for employers of 500+

, 5) What type of case did it define correct answers * Unlawful employment practice is established
when race, color, religion, sex, or national origin was a motivating factor for any employment
practice, even though other factors also motivated the practice

1) In cases of Disparate Treatment (Intentional)

2) Section 102 allows employees to sue for compensatory and punitive damages

2) Allowed employees the right to a jury trial

3) Applies to claims made under Title VII or the ADA

4) $300,000 for combined compensatory and punitive damages

5) Codified the use of a mixed-motive case

Memory Spark: Civil Rights = Race Related
Memory Spark: Civil Rights Protests happen DownTown (DT = disparate treatment)

Mixed Motive Case correct answers * A case in which an employer had both legitimate and
illegitimate reasons for making an employment decision.

* Unlawful practice is established when the discriminatory factor motivated employment
practice, even if another non-discriminatory factor was present

* Employers cannot avoid guilt or liability by demonstrating they would have taken the same
employment action even without the discriminatory motive.

* USSC ruled that mixed-motive claims are never permissible under the Age Discrimination in
Employment Act (ADEA).

Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990 (ADA)
* what does the ACT state and who is covered

1) Who is a qualified individual

2) when is it OK for an employer NOT to make a reasonable accommodation

3) must an employer lower performance standards or stop using tests

4) Can employers ask for a medical exam

5) Can employer ask health related questions

6) What employers does the law pertain to correct answers * Prohibits discrimination against
qualified disabled people who:

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