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NURS 232 - Fluid & Electrolytes TEST (Graded A+ actual test)

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NURS 232 - Fluid & Electrolytes

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NURS 232 - Fluid & Electrolytes

Atrial natriuretic peptide role in the kidneys - ️️-Increases GFR by altering pressure in the glomerular capillaries -Reduces the reabsorption of sodium in the distal convoluted tubules through inhibition of ADH -Reduces renin secretion, inhibiting the RAAS ◦Result = fluid loss from the ...

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NURS 232 - Fluid & Electrolytes
Atrial natriuretic peptide role in the kidneys - ✔️✔️-Increases GFR by altering pressure
in the glomerular capillaries
-Reduces the reabsorption of sodium in the distal convoluted tubules through inhibition
of ADH
-Reduces renin secretion, inhibiting the RAAS
◦Result = fluid loss from the extra cellular compartment and lowered blood pressure

Body mechanisms for fluid control - ✔️✔️-Thirst mechanism: osmoreceptors in the
hypothalamus
-Antidiuretic hormone (ADH): promotes reabsorption of water into blood from kidney
tubules

Osmolality - ✔️✔️-Concentration of fluid
◦Serum osmolality: normal = 280-300 mmol/kg
◦Hyper-osmolar means too many molecules
◦Hypo-osmolar means too dilute

Total body water is __% of body weight, and formed components are __% of body
weight - ✔️✔️60, 40

Total body water - ✔️✔️-60% of body weight
-Intracellular: 40% of body weight
-Extracellular: 20% of body weight

Components of extracellular fluid - ✔️✔️-Interstitial fluid: 14% of body weight
-Plasma volume: 5% of body weight
-Transcellular volume: 1% of body weight

Interstitial fluid - ✔️✔️Ultra filtrate of plasma, very little protein

Transcellular fluid - ✔️✔️Lymph, synovial, intestinal, CSF, sweat, urine, pleural,
peritoneal, pericardial, and intraocular fluids

Which populations have lower water content and what is the risk of this? - ✔️✔️-
Females have higher % of fatty tissue so have lower water content than males
-Older adults and obese persons

-Risk = more likely to be affected by any fluid imbalance

, Populations at greatest risk for fluid and electrolyte imbalances - ✔️✔️Pediatrics
-75% to 80% of body weight
-Susceptible to significant changes in body fluids
◦Dehydration in newborns

Aging
-Decreased % of total body water
◦Decreased free fat mass and decreased muscle mass
◦Renal decline
◦Diminished thirst perception

Capillary network - ✔️✔️-Blood flows from arterioles → metarterioles → capillary
network
-Venules drain network
-Smooth muscle in arterioles, metarterioles, precapillary sphincters regulates blood flow

Aquaporins - ✔️✔️Pores in the cell membrane that let water in and out

Fluid and electrolyte balance - ✔️✔️The process of regulating the extracellular fluid
volume, body fluid osmolality, and plasma concentrations of electrolytes

Forces for movement of water and solutes - ✔️✔️-Filtration:
◦Capillary hydrostatic pressure (blood pressure)
◦Interstitial osmotic pressure (water-pulling)
-Reabsorption:
◦Plasma (capillary) osmotic pressure (water-pulling) (↑ albumin), aka oncotic pressure
◦Interstitial hydrostatic pressure

-Osmotic and hydrostatic pressure are opposing forces that keep the distribution of
water constant

When capillary hydrostatic pressure is greater than osmotic pressure... - ✔️✔️fluid
leaves the capillary and enters the tissue

When capillary hydrostatic pressure is less than osmotic pressure... - ✔️✔️fluid enters
the capillary because it is pulled back into the bloodstream

Organs involved in fluid and electrolyte balance - ✔️✔️Lungs, GI tract, kidneys

Name three receptors that act on the hypothalamus - ✔️✔️1. Osmolality receptors
(thirst perception)
◦Hyperosmolality and plasma volume depletion
2. Volume receptors

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