1. A student is observing a cell under the microscope. It is observed to have supercoiled DNA
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with histones. Which of the following would also be observed by the student?
fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl
a. A single circular chromosomefl fl fl
b. A nucleus fl
c. Free-floating nuclear material fl fl
d. No organelles fl
ANS: B f l
The cell described is a eukaryotic cell, so it has histones and a supercoiled DNA within its
fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl
nucleus; thus, the nucleus should be observed. A single circular chromosome called a
fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl
prokaryote contains free-floating nuclear material but has no organelles.
fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl
REF: p. 2 fl fl
2. A nurse is instructing the staff about cellular functions. Which cellular function is the nurse
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describing when an isolated cell absorbs oxygen and uses it to transform nutrients to energy?
fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl
a. Metabolic absorption fl
b. Communication
c. Secretion
d. Respiration
ANS: D fl
The cell’s ability to absorb oxygen is referred to as respiration while its communication ability
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involves maintenance of a steady dynamic state, metabolic absorption provides nutrition, and
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secretion allows for the synthesizing of new substances.
fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl
REF: p. 2 fl fl
3. A eukaryotic cell is undergoing DNA replication. In which region of the cell would most of
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the genetic information be contained?
fl fl fl fl fl
a. Mitochondria
b. Ribosome
c. Nucleolus
d. Nucleus Cytoplasm fl
ANS: C fl
The region of the cell that contains genetic material, including a large amount of ribonucleic
fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl
acid, most of the DNA, and DNA-binding proteins, is the nucleolus, which is located within the
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cell’s nucleus. Mitochondria is associated with cellular respiration, while ribosomes are
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involved with protein manufacturing. Cytoplasm is a fluid filling that is a component of the
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cell.
fl
REF: p. 2 fl fl
,4. Which of the following can remove proteins attached to the cell’s bilayer by dissolving the
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layer itself?
fl fl
a. Peripheral membrane proteins fl fl
b. Integral membrane proteins fl fl
c. Glycoproteins
d. Cell adhesion molecules fl fl
ANS: B fl
Proteins directly attached to the membrane bilayer can be removed by the action of integral
fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl
membrane proteins that dissolve the bilayer. Peripheral membrane proteins reside at the
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surface while cell adhesion molecules are on the outside of the membrane. Glycoprotein
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marks cells and does not float.
fl fl fl fl fl fl
REF: p. 7 fl fl
5. Which of the following can bind to plasma membrane receptors?
fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl
a. Oxygen
b. Ribosomes
c. Amphipathic lipids fl
d. Ligands
ANS: D fl
Ligands are the only specific molecules that can bind with receptors on the cell membrane.
fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl
REF: p. 9 fl fl
6. A nurse is reviewing a report from a patient with metastatic cancer. What alternation in the
fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl
extracellular matrix would s uNp p oRr t t hIe dG
iagnBo.
siC
s ofM
metastatic cancer?
fl
a. Decreased fibronectin
U S N T O fl
fl
fl fl
fl
fl
l
f fl
fl fl fl
b. Increased collagen fl
c. Decreased elastin fl
d. Increased glycoproteins fl
ANS: A fl
Only a reduced amount of fibronectin is found in some types of cancerous cells, allowing them
fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl
to travel or metastasize.
fl fl fl fl
REF: p. 10 fl fl
7. Which form of cell communication is used to relate to other cells in direct physical contact?
fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl
a. Cell junction fl
b. Gap junction fl
c. Desmosome
d. Tight junction fl
ANS: A fl
Cell junctions hold cells together and permit molecules to pass from cell to cell.
fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl
Gap junctions allow for cellular communication between cells. Neither desmosomes nor tight
fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl
junctions are associated with cellular communication.
fl fl fl fl fl fl
REF: p. 11 fl fl
, TEST BANK FOR Understanding Pathophysiology 6th Edition
fl fl fl fl fl fl
By: Sue E. Huether; Kathryn L. McCance
fl fl fl fl fl fl fl
www.answerdone.com
f l
8. Pancreatic beta cells secrete insulin, which inhibits secretion of glucagon from neighboring
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alpha cells. This action is an example of which of the following signaling types?
fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl
a. Paracrine
b. Autocrine
c. Neurohormonal
d. Hormonal
ANS: A fl
Paracrine signaling involves the release of local chemical mediators that are quickly taken up,
fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl
destroyed, or immobilized, as in the case of insulin and the inhibition of the secretion of
fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl
glucagon. None of the other options involve signaling that is associated with a local chemical
fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl
mediator like insulin.
fl fl fl
REF: p. 12 fl fl
9. In cellular metabolism, each enzyme has a high affinity for a:
fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl
a. solute.
b. substrate.
c. receptor.
d. ribosome.
ANS: B fl
Each enzyme has a high affinity for a substrate, a specific substance converted to a product of
fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl
the reaction. Cellular metabolism is not dependent on an attraction between an enzyme and
fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl
any of the remaining options.
fl fl fl fl fl
REF: p. 16 fl fl
10. An athlete runs a marathon, after which his muscles feel fatigued and unable to contract. The
fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl
athlete asks the nurse why this happened. The nurse’s response is based on the knowledgethat
fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl
the problem is result of a deficiency of:
fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl
a. GTP
b. AMP
c. ATP
d. GMP
ANS: C fl
When ATP is deficient, impaired muscle contraction results. None of the other options are
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involved in muscle contraction.
fl fl fl fl
REF: p. 16 fl fl
11. Which phase of catabolism produces the most ATP?
fl fl fl fl fl fl fl
a. Digestion
b. Glycolysis
c. Oxidation
d. Citric acid cycle fl fl
ANS: D fl
While some ATP is produced during the oxidation and glycolysis phases, most of the ATP is
fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl
generated during the citric acid cycle. Digestion does not produce any ATP.
fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl
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