PMCOL 344 – Metabolism Exam Study
Guide.
Simvastatin - answerStatin; reversibly inhhibits cholesterol biosynthesis by competitively
inhibiting HMG-CoA reductase (rate-limiting step, causing upregulation of LDL receptors in
liver, reduced production of VLDL and LDL, and increased HDL. Metaboli...
Simvastatin - answer✔Statin; reversibly inhhibits cholesterol biosynthesis by competitively
inhibiting HMG-CoA reductase (rate-limiting step, causing upregulation of LDL receptors in
liver, reduced production of VLDL and LDL, and increased HDL. Metabolized by CYP
enzymes. Side effects: myositis, rhabdomyolysis, type 2 diabetes.
Gemfibrozil - answer✔Fibrate; activates PPAR-alpha receptor which alters the expression of
enzymes involved in lipid metabolism. Increases LPL expression, decrease VLDL and LDL
production, increase expression of ApoA1 on HDL (and increase HDL in general), and increase
LDL receptor expression. Side effects: myositis and rhabdomyolysis
Colesevelam - answer✔Resin. Anion exhange resins are positively charged so they bind to
negatively charged bile acids and prevent reabsorption. Leads to increase in bile synthesis from
bodily cholesterol. Increased hepatic expression of LDL receptors. Used in combo with statins to
prevent increase in hepatic cholesterol synthesis. Side effects: increases TG production so can't
use in patients with high TGs, bloating.
Nicotonic acid - answer✔Might act through HM74A (orphan receptor). Inhibts lipolysis of TGs
by hormone-sensitive lipase but increased LPL activity, decreased liver TG synthesis, decreased
VLDL and LDL production. Less hepatic clearance of Apo-A1 so more HDL (and increased
expression of ABCA1). Only one that reducs lipoprotein A. Side effects: facial flushing, itching.
Ezetimibe - answer✔Inhibits cholesterol absorption by blocking the NPC1L1 receptor in
duodenum epithelial cells. Doesn't affect the absorption of anything else. Potent.
Sibutramine - answer✔SSRI; inhibits reuptake of 5-HT, NA, and DA in arcuate nucleus.
Enhances satiety and increases energy expenditure through thermogenesis (from symp system).
But increases BP and HR.
Lorcaserin - answer✔5-HT(2c) receptor agonist that suppresses appetite by acting on POMC-
producing neurons (have 5-HT2c receptor). Stimulates release of alpha-MSH which activcates
anorexogenic pathways. Low affinity for other 5-HT subtypes so less off-target effects.
Phenteramine - answer✔Sympathomimetic drug (prevents NA reuptake) which enhances
satiety in the CNS and increases thermogenesis in PNS. Can also cause hypertension and
tachycardia bc symp stimulation and potential for addiction.
The benefits of buying summaries with Stuvia:
Guaranteed quality through customer reviews
Stuvia customers have reviewed more than 700,000 summaries. This how you know that you are buying the best documents.
Quick and easy check-out
You can quickly pay through credit card or Stuvia-credit for the summaries. There is no membership needed.
Focus on what matters
Your fellow students write the study notes themselves, which is why the documents are always reliable and up-to-date. This ensures you quickly get to the core!
Frequently asked questions
What do I get when I buy this document?
You get a PDF, available immediately after your purchase. The purchased document is accessible anytime, anywhere and indefinitely through your profile.
Satisfaction guarantee: how does it work?
Our satisfaction guarantee ensures that you always find a study document that suits you well. You fill out a form, and our customer service team takes care of the rest.
Who am I buying these notes from?
Stuvia is a marketplace, so you are not buying this document from us, but from seller Brightstars. Stuvia facilitates payment to the seller.
Will I be stuck with a subscription?
No, you only buy these notes for $10.49. You're not tied to anything after your purchase.
