©THEBRIGHTSTARS 2024
PMSC12001 - Airway, Oxygenation and
Ventilation Exam Study Guide.
OPA indications - answer✔- Maintain airway patency.
- Bite block for intubated patients.
OPA complications - answer✔- Airway trauma from OPA placement.
- Intolerance of OPA requiring removal.
- Can precipitate vomiting/ aspiration in patient with intact gag reflex.
- Incorrect size or placement can potentially exacerbate airway obstruction.
OPA contraindications - answer✔- Conscious patients.
- Patients with intact gag reflex.
TAM Indications - answer✔Patients unable to maintain airway patency
TAM Contraindications - answer✔Nil
TAM complications - answer✔Potential c-spine injury
NPA indications - answer✔Potential or actual airway obstruction
NPA contraindications - answer✔Nil
NPA complications - answer✔- Airway trauma, particularly epistaxis
- Incorrect size or placement will compromise effectiveness
, ©THEBRIGHTSTARS 2024
- Exacerbate injury in base of skull fracture with NPA potentially displacing into the cranial
vault
- Can stimulate a gag reflex in sensitive patients, precipitating vomiting or aspiration
BVM indications - answer✔Acute respiratory distress, hypoventilation (RR<10) or arrest
requiring positive pressure ventilation
BVM contraindications - answer✔Spontaneously breathing patients with adequate tidal volume
and an appropriate respiratory rate (RR>10)
BVM complications - answer✔Gastric inflation
Pulmonary barotrauma
Undesirable cardiovascular effects such as hypotension, secondary to caval compression
Laryngoscope indications - answer✔Visualisation of the glottis for the purpose of removal of
foreign body
Laryngoscope contraindications - answer✔Suspected or known epiglottis
Laryngoscope complications - answer✔- Laryngospasm
- Hypoxia due to delays in oxygenation while performing the procedure
- Trauma to the mouth or upper airway, particularly teeth / dentures
- Exacerbation of c-spine injuries
- Vomiting / regurgitation
Magill indications - answer✔Removal of pharyngeal foreign bodies causing airway obstruction
in an obtunded patient
Magill contraindications - answer✔Patients with an effective cough
Macgill complications - answer✔- Trauma to the tissue surrounding the pharynx uvula and
tongue
- Manipulating a partially obstructed airway may cause the object to totally occlude the airway
Laryngeal manipulation indications - answer✔Sub-optimal visualisation of the larynx during
direct laryngoscopy
Laryngeal manipulation complications - answer✔- Incorrect application
- May worsen visualisation of the larynx
- potential for airway trauma
PMSC12001 - Airway, Oxygenation and
Ventilation Exam Study Guide.
OPA indications - answer✔- Maintain airway patency.
- Bite block for intubated patients.
OPA complications - answer✔- Airway trauma from OPA placement.
- Intolerance of OPA requiring removal.
- Can precipitate vomiting/ aspiration in patient with intact gag reflex.
- Incorrect size or placement can potentially exacerbate airway obstruction.
OPA contraindications - answer✔- Conscious patients.
- Patients with intact gag reflex.
TAM Indications - answer✔Patients unable to maintain airway patency
TAM Contraindications - answer✔Nil
TAM complications - answer✔Potential c-spine injury
NPA indications - answer✔Potential or actual airway obstruction
NPA contraindications - answer✔Nil
NPA complications - answer✔- Airway trauma, particularly epistaxis
- Incorrect size or placement will compromise effectiveness
, ©THEBRIGHTSTARS 2024
- Exacerbate injury in base of skull fracture with NPA potentially displacing into the cranial
vault
- Can stimulate a gag reflex in sensitive patients, precipitating vomiting or aspiration
BVM indications - answer✔Acute respiratory distress, hypoventilation (RR<10) or arrest
requiring positive pressure ventilation
BVM contraindications - answer✔Spontaneously breathing patients with adequate tidal volume
and an appropriate respiratory rate (RR>10)
BVM complications - answer✔Gastric inflation
Pulmonary barotrauma
Undesirable cardiovascular effects such as hypotension, secondary to caval compression
Laryngoscope indications - answer✔Visualisation of the glottis for the purpose of removal of
foreign body
Laryngoscope contraindications - answer✔Suspected or known epiglottis
Laryngoscope complications - answer✔- Laryngospasm
- Hypoxia due to delays in oxygenation while performing the procedure
- Trauma to the mouth or upper airway, particularly teeth / dentures
- Exacerbation of c-spine injuries
- Vomiting / regurgitation
Magill indications - answer✔Removal of pharyngeal foreign bodies causing airway obstruction
in an obtunded patient
Magill contraindications - answer✔Patients with an effective cough
Macgill complications - answer✔- Trauma to the tissue surrounding the pharynx uvula and
tongue
- Manipulating a partially obstructed airway may cause the object to totally occlude the airway
Laryngeal manipulation indications - answer✔Sub-optimal visualisation of the larynx during
direct laryngoscopy
Laryngeal manipulation complications - answer✔- Incorrect application
- May worsen visualisation of the larynx
- potential for airway trauma
