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applied pharmacology & applied nursing questions with correct answers
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applied pharmacology & applied nursing questions with correct answers
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applied pharmacology & applied nursing questionswith correct answers
define tolerance Correct Answer-tolerance refers to a decreased
physiologic response that occurs after repeated administration of a drug
or a chemically related substance.
define tachyphylaxis Correct Answer-tachyphylaxis refers to a quickly
developing tolerance that occurs after repeated administration of a drug.
define cumulative effect Correct Answer-cumulative effect occurs when
the body cannot metabolize one dose of a drug before another dose is
administered.
Define Idiosyncrasy Correct Answer-Idiosyncrasy is any abnormal of
peculiar response to a drug which may manifest by itself by 1)
overresponse or abnormal susceptibility to a drug 2) underresponse,
which demonstrates abnormal tolerance 3) a qualitatively different effect
from the one expected, such as excitation after the administration of a
sedative 4) unpredictable and unexplainable symptoms. often from
genetic enzymatic deficiencies.
Define Drug Dependence Correct Answer-Drug dependence is the term
preferred over the previous terminology of "habituation" and "addiction"
can be physical or psychological
Define Drug interaction Correct Answer-drug interaction occurs when
the effects of one drug are modified by the prior or concurrent
, administration of another drug, thereby increasing or decreasing the
pharmacologic action of each.
Define drug antagonism Correct Answer-drug antagonism occurs when
the combination effect of two drugs is less than the sum of the drugs
acting separately.
Define summation Correct Answer-Summation (addition or additive
effect) occurs when the combined effect of two drugs produces a result
that equals the sum of the individual effects of each agent.
Define synergism Correct Answer-synergism describes a drug
interaction in which the combined effect of drugs is greater than the sum
of each individual agent acting independently.
Define potentiation Correct Answer-potentiation refers to the concurrent
administration of two drugs in which one drug increases the effect of the
other drug.
what are pharmacokinetic factors that increase drug interactions?
Correct Answer-Absorption(bind or chelate, alter gastric pH or motility,
distribution, metabolism(alteration of enzymes, inhibition, alcohol
intake, cigarette smoking, caffeine intake, excretion(urine pH)
what are common food-drug interactions? Correct Answer-grapefruit
juice & food with high vitamin K levels
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